Download 7th Grade Science Notes Chapter 3

7th Grade Science - Chapter 3 Notes
Organic Compound - a chemical compound that contains carbon atoms usually bonded to
at least one hydrogen atom.
Valence Electrons - electrons in the outer most energy level of an atom.
A carbon atom has four valence electrons; it wants eight. It will bond with other elements,
like hydrogen, and share electrons until it gets to eight.
A Covalent bond is a bond between atoms in a molecule of a compound where atoms
share electrons to become stable.
Carbon can have many forms: graphite, diamond, amorphous (rock), fullerene (cage-like)
Hydrocarbons - compounds that ONLY contain hydrogen & carbon. Ex: methane, propane
Isomer - compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural
arrangements. Ex: butane, isobutene, cyclobutane. All are C4H10
Saturated Hydrocarbon - a hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon - a hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple
bonds.
***Know how to name Hydrocarbons! Pages 92-93
Substituted Hydrocarbon - an organic compound in which a carbon atom is bonded to an
atom, or group of atoms, other than hydrogen.
Functional Group - is an atom or group of atoms that determine the function and
properties of a compound
Hydroxyl Group - contains two atoms - oxygen & hydrogen. Its formula is -OH
Halide Group - contains group 17 halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
Carboxyl Group - consists of a carbon atom with a single bond to a hydroxyl group and a
double bond to an oxygen atom. Its formula is -COOH
Amino Group - consists of a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Its
formula is -NH2
Shapes of Molecules
Tetrahedral - pyramid shape
Planar - on the same plane
Linear - forms a straight line
Polymer - a molecule made up of many of the same small organic molecules covalently
bonded together, forming a long chain
Monomer - is one of the small organic molecules that make up the long chain of a polymer
Polymerization - a process where many synthetic polymers are made from simple
hydrocarbons
Biological Molecule - a large organic molecule in any living organism
There are 20 different amino acids that can link and form proteins. Your body can make 11
of them. The rest you get from food.
Enzyme - a special kind of protein that helps chemical reactions occur faster.
Carbohydrates - a group of organic molecules that include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
Nucleic Acid - a biological polymer that stores and transmit genetic information
DNA - a spiral-shaped, double-stranded nucleic acid
RNA - a single-stranded nucleic acid
Lipids - a type of biological molecule that includes fats, oils, hormones, waxes, and
components of cellular membranes