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Chapter 8
Section 1
1. Diamond- is a crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded
strongly to four other carbon atoms.
2. Graphite- a form of the element carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded
tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers.
3. Fullerene- a form of carbon that consists of atoms arranged in the shape of a
hollow sphere.
4. Nanotube- a form of carbon that consists of atoms in the form of a long, hollow
cylinder.
Section 2
1. Organic compounds- compounds that contain carbon.
2. Hydrocarbon- is a compound that contains only the elements carbon and
hydrogen.
3. Structural formula- shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a
molecule.
4. Isomers- compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural
formulas.
5. Saturated hydrocarbons- a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon
atoms are single bonds.
6. Unsaturated hydrocarbons- hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds have fewer
hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom than a saturated hydrocarbon does.
7. Substituted hydrocarbons- atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen
atoms in a hydrocarbon.
8. Hydroxyl group- an -OH group, found in alcohols.
9. Alcohol- is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups.
10. Organic acid- is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl
groups.
11. Carboxyl group- a COOH group, found in organic acids.
12. Ester- is a compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic
acid.
13. Polymer- a very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules
bonded together.
14. Monomers- the smaller molecules.
Section 3
1. Protein- an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids.
2. Amino acid- is a monomer that is a building block of proteins.
3. Plastics- synthetic polymers that can be molded or shaped are the most common
products.
4. Composite- combines two or more substances in a new material with different
properties.
Section 4
1. Carbohydrate- is an energy- rich organic compound made of the elements carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Glucose- one of the most important sugars in your body.
3. Complex carbohydrate- is a polymer made of smaller molecules that are simple
carbohydrates bonded to one another.
4. Starch- a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy.
5. Cellulose- a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures.
6. Lipids- are energy-rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
7. Fatty acids- an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil.
8. Cholesterol- a waxy substance found in all animal cells.
9. Nucleic acids- are very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen
hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
10. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acids, one type of nucleic acid.
11. RNA- ribonucleic acids, a type of nucleic acid.
12. Nucleotides- the building blocks of nucleic acids.