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DAILY QUESTION October 22, 2008 1. What is an organic compound? (Make sure you are writing the book definition!) Agenda 10/22/08 • Daily Question • Check-in: Ch 5 sect 3 Wksht • Ch 5 Section 4 Notes Assignments: 1. Ch 5 Sect 4 Review Worksheet Organic Compound • A covalently bonded compound made of molecules • Always Contain Carbon • Almost always contain Hydrogen Hydrocarbon • Compound made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms • Simplest hydrocarbon is Methane, CH4 Alkanes • Hydrocarbons that have only single covalent bonds – Methane, CH4 – Ethane, C2H6 – Propane, C3H8 • Names end in -anes Normal Alkanes • When carbon atoms line up in a row • Called n-alkanes Condensed structural formulas • Show how the atoms bond – Table 9, page 167 Alkanes, carbon atom chains, with more than 3 carbon atoms • Can be: – Branched – Unbranched – Rings Alkane Chemical Formulas • Follow a pattern: CnH2n+2 Alkenes • Hydrocarbons with at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms – C=C • Simplest Alkene is Ethene, C2H4 • Propene, C3H6 • Names end in -ene Alcohols • Organic compounds that are made of oxygen as well as carbon and hydrogen • Have hydroxyl or –OH groups – Methanol, CH3OH – Ethanol, CH3CH2OH – Isopropanol, C3H8O or (CH3)2CHOH • Names end in -ol Alcohols • Behave similar to water – Structure is like a water molecule, but one hydrogen atom is replaced by a methyl, or CH3 group – Attracted to neighboring molecules – At room temperature they are liquids Polymers • Small organic molecules bond to form long chains called polymers Polyethene • Poly means many • Ethene is an alkene, C2H4 • Means “many ethenes” Polymers • Natural: – – – – – – – Rubber Wood Cotton Wool Starch Protein DNA • Man-made: – Plastics – Fibers Properties of Polymers • Determined by its structure – Elasticity Biochemical Compounds • Naturally occurring organic compounds – Carbohydrates – Proteins – DNA Carbohydrates • Any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things – Glucose – Starch Proteins • An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells – Amino acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen • 20 naturally occurring amino acids • They way they bind determines the protein made DNA • Made of organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus • In the form of paired chains, or strands in a twisted ladder, or double helix
