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Biochemistry Vocabulary CARDS
Atom
Basic unit of matter
Nucleus
The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons;
in cells, large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's
genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
Electron
Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus
Element
Substance consisting entirely of one type of atom
Isotope
Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from
that of other atoms of the same element
Compound
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more
elements in definite proportions
Ionic bond
Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one
atom to another
Ion
Atom that has a positive or negative charge
Covalent bond
Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
Molecule
Smallest unit of most compounds
Van der waals
forces
A slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged
regions of nearby molecules
Monomer
Small unit that can join together with other small units to form
polymers
Polymer
Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
Carbohydrate
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms;
major source of energy for the human body
Monosaccharide
Single sugar molecule
Polysaccharide
Large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides
Lipid
Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms;
includes fats, oils, and waxes; used to make cell membranes as
well as store energy.
Biochemistry Vocabulary CARDS
Nucleic acid
Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon,
and phosphorus; molecules used to store genetic information.
Nucleotide
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a
phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
Deoxyribonucleic Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
acid (DNA)
Protein
Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make
up enzymes
Amino acid
Compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a
carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
Iodine
Benedict’s
solution
Biuret’s solution
Indicator
Indicator used to determine the presence of starch in foods.
Indicator used to determine the presence of sugars in foods.
Brown bag test
Indicator used to determine the presence of proteins in foods.
A substance that changes color in the presence of a particular
compound.
A test to determine the presence of lipids in foods.