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Biochemistry Vocabulary CARDS Atom Basic unit of matter Nucleus The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities Electron Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus Element Substance consisting entirely of one type of atom Isotope Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element Compound Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions Ionic bond Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another Ion Atom that has a positive or negative charge Covalent bond Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms Molecule Smallest unit of most compounds Van der waals forces A slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules Monomer Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers Polymer Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers Carbohydrate Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body Monosaccharide Single sugar molecule Polysaccharide Large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides Lipid Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes; used to make cell membranes as well as store energy. Biochemistry Vocabulary CARDS Nucleic acid Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus; molecules used to store genetic information. Nucleotide Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose Deoxyribonucleic Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose acid (DNA) Protein Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes Amino acid Compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end Iodine Benedict’s solution Biuret’s solution Indicator Indicator used to determine the presence of starch in foods. Indicator used to determine the presence of sugars in foods. Brown bag test Indicator used to determine the presence of proteins in foods. A substance that changes color in the presence of a particular compound. A test to determine the presence of lipids in foods.