Download CHAPTER 2 VOCABULARY (Highlighted)

Biology Vocabulary
Chapter 2
CHAPTER 2 VOCABULARY TERMS
Section 2.1
Atom
Compound
Covalent Bond
Element
Ion
Ionic Bond
Molecule
SECTION 2.2
Acid
Adhesion
Base
Cohesion
Hydrogen bond
pH
Solute
Solution
Solvent
Smallest basic unit of matter
Substance made of atoms of different elements that are
bonded together in a particular ratio
Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or
more pairs of electrons
Substance made of only one type of atom that cannot
be broken down by chemical means
Atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.
Chemical bond formed through the electrical force
between oppositely charged ions.
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds not
necessarily a compound
Compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved
in a solution
Attraction between molecules of different substances.
Compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in
solution.
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom
and a slightly negative atom.
Measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion
concentration in solution
Substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a
lower concentration than the solvent
Mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a
homogeneous mixture
Substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present
in greatest concentration in a solution
Section 2.3
Amino Acid
Carbohydrate
Fatty Acid
Lipid
Monomer
Nucleic Acid
Polymer
Protein
Section 2.4
Activation Energy
Bond Energy
Chemical Reaction
Endothermic
Equilibrium
Exothermic
Product
Reactant
Section 2.5
Catalyst
Enzyme
Substrate
Molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.
Molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen;
includes sugars and starches.
Hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid
Nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen; includes fats and oils.
Molecular subunit of a polymer
Polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of
organisms.
Large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers.
Polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide
bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on
bonds between amino acids.
Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction
Amount of energy needed to break a bond between two
particular atoms; or the amount of energy released
when a bond forms between two particular atoms.
Process by which substances change into different
substances through the breaking and forming of
chemical bonds.
Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy
Condition in which reactants and products of a chemical
reaction are formed at the same rate.
Chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in
the form of heat
Substance formed by a chemical reaction
Substance that is changed by a chemical reaction
Substance that decreases activation energy and
increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction
Protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms.
Reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme
acts.