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Transcript
Cell Diversity- Cell Reference Guide Eukaryotes Unicellular and multicellular organisms Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus Often specialized functions 1. Paramecium- Unicellular Protist ***The paramecium uses a contractile vacuole to take in and get rid of excess water. Cilia are slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of the paramecium; the cilia are used for movement of the paramecium. The oral groove is where food is ingested. Once the food is ingested, it is digested in the food vacuole and let out through the anal pore. 2. Amoeba- Unicellular Protist **The Amoeba uses pseudopods to move and eat! There are numerous microfilaments made of protein at the edge of the cell membrane that allow the amoeba to extend itself forward while streaming cytoplasm into the newly formed pseudopod. Amoeba can pull themselves along and also surround and engulf food items with their pseudopods. Eukaryotes Continued 3. Lettuce Guard Cells- Multicellular Plant **The stoma allows gases like O2 and CO2 to move in and out of the leaf. These gases are needed for respiration and photosynthesis. Water fills the vacuoles and opens the pore (stoma). When water leaves the guard cells, microfilaments thicken the cell walls and close the stoma. 5. Onion – Multicellular Plant 6. Potato- Multicellular Plant Potatoes are the underground tuber used for energy storage in the potato plant. The cells contain amyloplasts which are storage structure for macromolecules. You will add a solution to determine whether potatoes store sugars or starches. Amyloplast 7. Human Nerve Cell – Multicellular Animal **Nerve cells have different shapes depending on where they are found. Many differ in the length of the axon, terminals, and dendrites. Nerve cells line up or connect to form webs to transmit chemical messages to one another. Messages are received by the dendrites and transmitted along the axon to the terminals. The terminals of one cell interact with terminals of another cell to keep the signal moving. 8. Human Cheek Cell- Multicellular Animal ** The inside of your cheek differs from the outside of your cheek in that the cells found INSIDE of your cheek lack keratin. This difference makes the cells on the outside of your cheek dry and rigid (think protection!) while the inside of your mouth is moist and pliable. The secretory granules in your cheek cells are genetically programed to produce the “mucous membrane” that keeps your mouth, throat, nose, esophagus, and trachea wet. They also secrete amylase, which begin carbohydrate digestion.