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Transcript
5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Internal factors • kinases change the activity of other molecules by adding a phosphate group • cyclins –are rapidly made and destroyed at different points of the cell cycle. This helps cells advance to different stages of the cells cycle. External factors • cell to cell contact • growth factors which stimulate internal factors that affect the cell cycle (cell division) 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Internal and external factors regulate cell division. • External factors include physical and chemical signals. • Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. – Most mammal cells form a single layer in a culture dish and stop dividing once they touch other cells. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer. • Ex. Air pollution, tobacco smoke, mutated genes carried by viruses. • Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous and healthy cells. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Cancer cells do not carry out necessary functions. • Cancer cells come from normal cells with damage to genes involved in cell-cycle regulation. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Cell division is uncontrolled in cancer. • Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumorsdisorganized clumps of cancer cells that do not carry out normal functions – Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed. – Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can formcancer more tumors. normal cell cell bloodstream 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Apoptosis is programmed cell death. – a normal feature of healthy organisms – caused by a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes 1.occurs in webbed fingers development of infants 2.Helps rid the body of unhealthy cells