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Transcript
5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy g growth. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle I t l and d external t l factors f t l t cell ll division. di i i Internal regulate • External factors include physical and chemical signals. – Messages from nearby M f b cells ll or distant di t t parts t off the th body. • Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. – Activate genes that trigger cell growth – Most mammal cells form a single layer in a culture dish and stop dividing once they touch other cells (phenomenon). 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Two of the most important internal factors are kinases and cyclins. – Help a cell advance to different stages of the cell cycle when the cells bind to each other. • External factors trigger internal factors factors, which affect the cell cycle. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Apoptosis is programmed cell death. – a normal feature of healthy organisms – caused db by a cell’s ll’ production d ti off self-destructive lf d t ti enzymes – occurs in webbed fingers development of infants 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle C ll di i i is i uncontrolled t ll d in i cancer. Cell division • Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors. – Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed. – Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors. tumors normal cell cancer cell bloodstream 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Cancer cells do not carry out necessary functions. • Cancer cells come from normal cells with damage to genes involved in cell-cycle regulation. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer. • Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous and healthy cells. • Example: Chemo Therapy, Radiation.