Download Cells

Cells – what’s the big deal?
What is a cell?
• The cell is the smallest unit of life.
• Cells are too small to see except under a microscope.
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Some living things consist of just one cell like bacteria.
• Others, such as tiny pond plants and animals may
contain several hundred.
• Large organisms like the rhinoceros or a pine tree are
made of millions and millions of cells.
What does ‘living’ mean?
• Being alive/ living / having life all mean the same thing
• A living thing is defined as something that has three
properties:
– Metabolism: able to take in energy (food, water, fuel...)
and process it
– Reproduction: able to reproduce themselves
– Growth: able to grow
• Using these three properties, is a rock alive? How
about a tree? Complete the task on the next slide.
What is Alive?
List these words in your books and circle the living things
Wood
Earth
Apple
Tree
Muffin
Apple tree
Grass
Person
Goldfish
Ball
Book
Bird
Dog
Airplane
Rock
What is Alive?
List these words in your books and circle the living things
Wood
Earth
Apple
Tree
Muffin
Apple tree
Grass
Person
Goldfish
Ball
Book
Bird
Dog
Airplane
Rock
What do you think??
Many different types of cells
• There are many different types of cells.
• Each cells shape, structure, and contents allow it to do a
specialized job and contribute to keeping the whole
body alive.
• For example, in humans we have muscle cells, blood
cells, bone cells, nerve cells, and skin cells among many
others.
• However, the majority of cells have the same basic
components (organelles).
Wake up!
Cell song:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB5aS2Zg
Cell organelles
Sooooo, the majority of cells have the same what?...
…the same basic components (organelles)
• To learn about these organelles we are going to focus
on Two main types of cells: plant cells & animal cells
• Some organelles are found in both cell types while
some are found only in plant cells
• These special organelles are needed for the plant to
carry out special functions needed by the plant
Animal
and
Plant
Cells
Animal and plant cells
Main organelles
(there are several more)
• Found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells:
– Cell membrane
– Cytoplasm
– Nucleus
• Found in only PLANT cells:
– Chloroplast
– Vacuole
– Cell wall
Cell
Membrane
Cell membrane
One part found in all cells is the cell membrane. The cell
membrane surrounds the cell and holds the cell together. It
controls what chemicals can enter and leave the cell.
Nucleus
Nucleus
Another part found in all cells is the nucleus. The nucleus
controls the cell. Inside the nucleus is DNA which contains
genetic information.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
All cells also contain cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is a jellylike mixture of chemicals where most of the work of
the cell takes place, including chemical reactions!
Parts
of
a
Plant
Cell
Plant cell parts
Plant cells may contain some extra parts.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts (plant cells)
Chloroplasts are disc shaped containers that
contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
Cell
Wall
Cell wall (plant cells)
The cell wall is a strong outer layer to support
the cell and give it shape.
Vacuole
Vacuole (plant cells)
The vacuole where the plant cell stores its
sap- containing nutrients and water (the food
that it has made)
In
reality
….
More complicated!
Most cells
are much
more
complicated
than this!
There’s more organelles???
There sure is!
• Plant and animal cells also contain:
– Ribosomes
– Golgi apparatus
– Mitochondria
– Lysosomes
– Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
– Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Time to check your learning & note
taking ability!
Question 1
?
a. cytoplasm
b. cell wall
c. chloroplast
d. cell membrane
Question 1
?
a. cytoplasm
b. cell wall
c. chloroplast
d. cell membrane
Question 2
?
a. cell wall
b. cell membrane
c. sap vacuole
d. cytoplasm
Question 2
?
a. cell wall
b. cell membrane
c. sap vacuole
d. cytoplasm
Question 3
?
a. cytoplasm
b. sap vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
Question 3
?
a. cytoplasm
b. sap vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
Question 4
?
a. cytoplasm
b. cell wall
c. chloroplast
d. cell membrane
Question 4
?
a. cytoplasm
b. cell wall
c. chloroplast
d. cell membrane
Question 5
?
a. cytoplasm
b. sap vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
Question 5
?
a. cytoplasm
b. sap vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
Question 6
?
a. cytoplasm
b. sap vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
Question 6
?
a. cytoplasm
b. sap vacuole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
Question 7
Which structures are present in animal and plant
cells?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vacuole, nucleus and cell membrane
Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
Cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall
Question 7
Which structures are present in animal and plant
cells?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vacuole, nucleus and cell membrane
Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
Cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall
Question 8
Which structures are present only in plant cells?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole
Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm
Chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole
Question 8
Which structures are present only in plant cells?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole
Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm
Chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole
Question 9
What is the function of the chloroplast?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Controls the cell
Stores water and mineral ions
Makes glucose by photosynthesis
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Question 9
What is the function of the chloroplast?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Controls the cell
Stores water and mineral ions
Makes glucose by photosynthesis
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Question 10
What is the function of the cell membrane?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Controls the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Metabolic reactions occur here
Question 10
What is the function of the cell membrane?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Controls the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Metabolic reactions occur here
Question 11
What is the function of the cell wall?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Stores water and mineral ions
Controls the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Question 11
What is the function of the cell wall?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Stores water and mineral ions
Controls the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Question 12
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stores water and mineral ions
Chemical reactions occur here
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Supports the cell
Question 12
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stores water and mineral ions
Chemical reactions occur here
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Supports the cell
Question 13
What is the function of the sap vacuole?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Controls the cell
Stores water and mineral ions
Question 13
What is the function of the sap vacuole?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Controls the cell
Stores water and mineral ions
Question 14
What is the function of the nucleus?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Controls the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Metabolic reactions occur here
Question 14
What is the function of the nucleus?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supports and protects the cell
Controls the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Metabolic reactions occur here
Independent
tasks
Cytoplasm
I’m keeping it simple:
http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/70.asp
I’m challenging myself:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell/
and complete the Inside A Cell worksheet (printed)
Specialised...
Specialised Cells
Q: What does specialised mean??
A: Something that is designed to do a
particular job
Specialised...
Specialised Cells
Q: What is a specialised cell?
A: A cell that has a special shape
and features that help it to do its job
Red
blood
cells
Your Task
Stuck round the room are some information
sheets about different specialised animal and
plant cells….
Your job is to extract the important
information from the sheets to fill in on your
worksheets on your computer
Organelles - review
Organelle
Function
Plant
Animal
Nucleus
Controls cell activity. Contains
Chromosomes/DNA.


Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance. Location of
many chemical reactions.


Cell Membrane
Controls passage of substances
into and out of the cell.


Mitochondria
Location of respiration. Energy
released from glucose.


Ribosomes
Involved in Protein Synthesis
(Translation)


Cellulose Cell Wall
Strengthens cell

X
Vacuole
Cell Sap (Pushes cell contents
out against the Cell Wall)

X
Chloroplasts
Absorbs sunlight energy for
Photosynthesis.

X