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Cells Learning Targets and Reading • 7.12D Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuoles • 7.12E Compare the functions of a cell to the functions of organisms such as waste removal • 7.12F Recognize that according to cell theory all organisms are composed of cells and cells carry on similar functions such as extracting energy from food to sustain life Vocabulary / Cell Structures • Cell membrane • Cell wall • Chloroplast • Cytoplasm • Mitochondrion • Nucleus • Organelle • Vacuole Robert Hooke • Discovered the first cell in 1665 (17th century) • Microscopes and magnification technology • Began the scientific study of cells, known as “Cell biology” • Described cells in “Micrographia” “Micrographia” • 60 observations of objects under a microscope • Cella in Latin means “Small room” • Didn’t know structure or function of cells • Unable to see other components of the cell Cells • Cell theory (1838) 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells (by division) The life of a cell Example: • The eggshell is a barrier between the inside of the egg and the environment. This structure functions to protect the rest of the egg from the environment. • Cells have a structure that surrounds the cell and protects it from the external environment • Skin cells provide protection for the body The Cell • There are two types of cells: • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic • Cells are made of different structures that perform various functions • Different types of cells perform different functions. The size and shape of a cell relates to its function Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell • Found in plants and animals, fungi and protists (like algae) • Found in unicellular organisms like bacteria • Greek eu- (true), -karyon (nucleus) • Pro- (Before), -karyon (Nucleus) • Structures: Organelles (Nucleus, Ribosomes, and Mitochondria), Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Chromosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Cell Wall • No nucleus / Genetic material floats freely • Larger than prokaryotic cells, more complex Cell Structures • Cell membrane (in Animal and Plant cells) • Flexible • Function: Regulates what goes in and out of the cell • Mostly made of proteins and phospholipid • Cell wall (only in Plant cells) • Stiff • Function: Structure and support • Mostly made of carbohydrates Activity • Go to page 413 • Identify Function and if the structure is found in Animal or Plant cells or both • Reading: pages 406 – 413 and videos Plant cells vs Animal cells • Both eukaryotic, both have a nucleus • The nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell/plasma membrane • Organelles • What’s in the nucleus? • What structures are part of the nucleus? • What structures help remove waste from the cell? • What structures provide energy for the cell?