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Transcript
UUU UUC UUA UCU Leucine UUG Serine UCC AG UCA UC UAU A UCG Tyrosine G UAC U Phenylalanine Glutamic acid Aspartic acid Alanine A Glycine C GU AG U C G U A C C A U G U G G U C A C A A CU G G A C U G Valine A C U G Arginine A C U Serine G A Lysine C U Asparagine U C C G A Threonine C UG G ACUGAC U A C U G Stop A G U Cysteine C A Stop G Tryptophan U C Leucine A G U C A Proline Histidine Glutamine Isolucine Methionine Arginine What is the amino acid sequence for the codons: GCA UAC CCC GUA? Animated by Jeff Christopherson alanine tyrosine proline valine Phenylalanine Leucine Isoleucine Valine Leucine Proline Histidine Methionine Alanine Serine Tyrosine Glutamine Threonine Aspartic Acid Stop Cysteine Stop Tryptophan Arginine Asparagine Glutamic Acid Lysine Serine Glycine Arginine Phenylalanine Leucine Serine Tyrosine Stop Cysteine Stop UUU UUC UUA UUG UCU UCC UCA UCG UAU UAC UAA UAG UGA UGU UGC UGA Leucine CUU CUC CUA CUG Isoleucine Proline CCU CCC CCA CCG Histidine Glutamine CAU CAC Methionine Arginine CAA CAG Threonine ACU ACC ACA ACG Tryptophan CGU CGC CGA CGG Asparagine AAU AAC Lysine Serine Arginine AAA AAG AGU AGC AGG AGA AUU AUC AUA AUG Valine Alanine Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid Glycine GUU GUC GUA GUG GCU GCC GCA GCG GAU GAC GAA GAG GGU GGC GGA GGG UGG A C GU AG U C A G UC G U A C C A U G U G G U C A C A A CU G G A C U G A C U G A C U G A C U U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G A C UG G ACUGAC U A C U G RNA and Protein Synthesis A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. The Structure of RNA Types of RNA Transcription RNA Editing The Genetic Code Translation The Roles of RNA and DNA Genes and Proteins Concept Map RNA can be Messenger RNA also called Ribosomal RNA which functions to mRNA Carry instructions also called which functions to rRNA Combine with proteins from to to make up DNA Ribosome Ribosomes Transfer RNA also called which functions to tRNA Bring amino acids to ribosome Transcription Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) RNA polymerase DNA RNA The Genetic Code Translation Nucleus Messenger RNA Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus. Phenylalanine tRNA mRNA Transfer RNA Methionine The mRNA then enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome. Translation begins at AUG, the start codon. Each transfer RNA has an anticodon whose bases are complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. The ribosome positions the start codon to attract its anticodon, which is part of the tRNA that binds methionine. The ribosome also binds the next codon and its anticodon. Ribosome mRNA Lysine Start codon Translation (continued) The Polypeptide “Assembly Line” The ribosome joins the two amino acids— methionine and phenylalanine—and breaks the bond between methionine and its tRNA. The tRNA floats away, allowing the ribosome to bind to another tRNA. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, binding new tRNA molecules and amino acids. Lysine Growing polypeptide chain Ribosome tRNA tRNA mRNA Completing the Polypeptide mRNA Ribosome Translation direction The process continues until the ribosome reaches one of the three stop codons. The result is a growing polypeptide chain. Interest Grabber • Determining the Sequence of a Gene • DNA contains the code of instructions for cells. Sometimes, an error occurs when the code is copied. Such errors are called mutations. Interest Grabber continued 1. Copy the following information about Protein X: Methionine— Phenylalanine—Tryptophan—Asparagine—Isoleucine—STOP. 2. Use Figure 12–17 on page 303 in your textbook to determine one possible sequence of RNA to code for this information. Write this code below the description of Protein X. Below this, write the DNA code that would produce this RNA sequence. 3. Now, cause a mutation in the gene sequence that you just determined by deleting the fourth base in the DNA sequence. Write this new sequence. 4. Write the new RNA sequence that would be produced. Below that, write the amino acid sequence that would result from this mutation in your gene. Call this Protein Y. 5. Did this single deletion cause much change in your protein? Explain your answer.
