Download Lesson 1 and Lesson 2: Cells and Classifying Life Study Guide—5th

Lesson 1 and Lesson 2: Cells and Classifying Life
Study Guide—5th Grade
Test over vocabulary and essential questions will be Friday, August 31st
I Can Statements:
 Describe cells and explain how they are organized in living things.
 Compare and contrast the structures of animal cells and plant cells.
 Identify the main function of the cell parts within plant and animal cells.
 Explain how cells are organized.
 Describe how organisms are classified.
 Identify characteristics of the six kingdoms of plant, animal, fungus, bacteria, protists,
and viruses.
Vocabulary—
Lesson 1:
Organism-a living thing
Cell-the smallest unit of living things that can carry out the basic processes of life
Unicellular-one-celled organism that is made of a single cell that carries out its life processes
Multicellular-many-celled organisms that are made of more than one cell
Chlorophyll-a chemical that is able to use the energy in sunlight and give plant cells their green color
Tissue-similar cells working together at the same job, or function
Organ- a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Organ system-organs that work together to perform a certain function
Lesson 2:
Classification-the science of finding patterns to help scientists identify, study, group, and name
organisms.
Kingdom-the broadest group an organism can be classified into
Species-narrowest (smallest) group an organism can be classified into
Vertebrate-an animal with a backbone
Invertebrate-an animal without a backbone
Vascular-contains tubes or vessels
Nonvascular-without tubes or vessels
Essential Questions—
1. How are unicellular and multicellular organisms similar and different?
They are similar because they are both made of cells. They are different because
unicellular organisms are made of just one cell while multicellular organisms are made
of many cells joined together.
2. Why are structures important inside of the cell?
The structures are important because they each carry out a specific function that helps
them perform life processes. These structures, called organelles, have functions that
help keep the cell alive.
3. What are the functions of the organelles?
Cell membrane-surrounding animal cells around the outside of the cell that controls
what comes in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm-gel-like liquid that supports all the cell’s structures and fills the entire cell. All
the organelles rest inside the cytoplasm.
Nucleus-the cell’s control center that is like the brain of the cell
Mitochondria-supply energy for the cell; the power plant
Vacuole(s)-stores food, water, and wastes for the cell; also releases things for the cell; a
plant cell only has one large vacuole
Cell wall-an extra outer covering surrounding the outside of a plant cell. Stiff structure
that provides extra strength and support to the plant cell
Chloroplast-green structure where the energy from the sunlight is used to produce food
for the plant
4. How are plant and animal cells different?
A plant cell has one large vacuole as opposed to many small ones in an animal cell. Also,
a plant cell has a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane for extra support and
strength. Lastly, plant cells contain chloroplasts that are used in the making of food for
plants. Animals do not make their own food, so they do not have chloroplasts.
5. How are cells organized?
Cells are organized in a unicellular organism by just the one cell. That single cell carries
out all life functions. A multicellular organism has specialized cells that work together to
carry out a more specific function.
Organization often starts out at a cell level, where similar cells work together at the
same job. A group of tissues work together to form an organ. Lastly, organs working
together to perform an certain function make up an organ system.
6. How are organisms classified?
Organisms are classified into groups according to shared characteristics. The broadest
group is Kingdom, and that group has six different groups within it. Kingdoms look at
the internal make-up of the organism (cells, tissue, organs, and organ systems).
The six Kingdoms are:
 Animal Kingdom
 Plant Kingdom
 Fungus Kingdom
 Bacteria Kingdom
 Protist Kingdom
 Virus Kingdom
Smaller groups are needed to fully classify an organism. Scientists use six subgroups to
classify within the broad category of Kingdoms. This allows scientists to separate
organisms into smaller groups that have the most characteristics in common. These
subgroups include, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
7. How are vertebrates and invertebrates alike and different?
Vertebrates and invertebrates move, eat food, and are made of many cells.
Vertebrates, however, have a backbone, and invertebrates are animals without a
backbone. Animals without a backbone include shelled animals, spiders, insects, crabs,
lobsters, sea stars, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins.
8. How are plants and fungi alike and different?
Both plants and fungi have cell walls, do not move from place to place, and do not have
true sense organs. Plants differ from fungi because they can make their own food.
Fungi must obtain food from other organisms.
9. Which plant part is used to classify plants into two main groups?
The presence or absence of vessels or tubes within a plant are used to classify them as
vascular or nonvascular.
10. How are true bacteria different from ancient bacteria?
True bacteria include germs and can be harmful. They are everywhere. Ancient
bacteria can be helpful and mostly live in harsh environments.
11. How are protists different from bacteria?
Protists can make their own food or eat other organisms. They are larger than bacteria
and some, but not all, are microscopic. Some protists can be seen with just the eye.
12. What does a virus do once it is inside the body?
Once inside the body, a virus attaches itself to a cell. When a virus enters a cell, it takes
control of the cell activities. It “orders” the cell to produce more viruses. Over time, the
cell becomes filled with virus particles and it bursts open. Now the released viruses can
invade other cells, causing an infection and disease.