Download Lesson 2 Classifying Life

NOTES- Classifying Life-5th Grade Ch. 1 Lesson 2
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Organized Kitchen
Look and Wonder p. 32
Shoe Activity- have volunteers take off one shoe. Describe shoe and list on
board. Classify shoes into different groups. (p.32)
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Classification- the science of finding patterns. Helps scientists identify, study,
group, and name organisms.
Classification systems used today groups organisms into six major groups called
kingdoms.
Kingdom- the broadest group into which an organism is classified.
Kingdoms are grouped by internal form and structure. Comparing cells, tissues,
organs, and organ systems.
SUBGROUPS-phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Species- the narrowest group into which an organism is classified.
Species contains organisms that are very closely related. EX: horse and pony.
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ANIMAL KINGDOM
Animals and plants are the only two kingdoms that are multicellular.
Fungi and protists have both unicellular and multicellular species.
Animals do not make their own food, plants can.
Structure of cells. (Cell wall in plants)
Animals are capable of moving around, plants only move when carried by wind,
water, or animals.
11 phylas and 2 major groups.
Vertebrate- animal with a backbone.
Invertebrate- animal without a backbone.
Invertebrates include mollusks, echinoderms, and arthropods.
Vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata. (Chordates)
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
5,000 identified mammals. 10% of vertebrate group.
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Plants and Fungi have cell walls.
Cannot move from place to place and do not have true sense organs.
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PLANT KINGDOM
350,000 species.
Multicellular and make their own food.
Two major groups- Vascular and Nonvascular.
Vascular-“contains tubes or vessels.”
Nonvascular-do not have vascular tissue.
Vascular plants carry water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves.
EX: Flowering plants, ferns, and pine trees.
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Nonvascular plants are much small than vascular plants.
They remain small and close to the ground where they soak up water directly.
EX: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
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FUNGUS KINGDOM
Fungi must get food from other organisms.
Most get energy by breaking down dead or decaying plants and animals.
Live in almost any dark and wet place (i.e. a basement)
Mold grows on bread, fruit, or other food.
Can grow on the human body causing itchy ailments (i.e. Athlete’s foot)
Many fungi are used by humans.
Yeast makes bread rise.
Original source of antibiotics.
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BACTERIA KINGDOM
Tiny unicellular organism.
Single cell with no nucleus.
Lack membrane-covered organelles, such as mitochondria.
Two kingdoms-“true” and “ancient” bacteria.
“True” bacteria are found everywhere.
“Ancient” bacteria are descended from the oldest living organisms on Earth.
Some bacteria are helpful.
Helps cows digest grass.
Helps termites break down wood.
Helps humans break down food and produce vitamin K.
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PROTIST KINGDOM
Unicellular organisms.
Unicellular or Multicellular organism that either make their own food or eat other
organisms.
Much larger than bacteria.
Have a central nucleus and other organelles.
Have a simple body structure and lack specialized tissues.
EX: algae, amoebas, and slime molds.
There are plantlike, animal-like, and fungilike protists.
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VIRUSES
Viruses bridge the gap between the living and the nonliving.
They seem alive, but scientists believe they are nonliving.
Cannot be classified in any of the six kingdoms because they do not carry out all
the basic processes of life.
Only carry out one process which is reproduction.
Enter body of a living thing, take over some of its cells, and cause the organism to
get sick.
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EX: Common cold, chicken pox, polio, and HIV-AIDS.
Sneezing and coughing send cold viruses from one person to another.
Once inside the body,
o Virus attaches itself to a cell.
o Takes control of the cell activities.
o “Orders” the cell to produce more viruses.
Over time the cell becomes filled with virus particles and it burst open.
Virus can then invade other cells, causing infection and disease.