Download Ch. 20 - Organizing Life Notes

Organizing Life: Classification/Kingdoms
Ch 18
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How can we compare a newspaper and the movies with
classification?
How can we compare classification to Wal-Mart?
Departments: Groceries, Electronics, Clothes, Toys,
Automotive, Sports
Category 1: Groceries – Bakery, Meat, Dairy, Snacks,
Fruit, Veggies
Category 2: Dairy – Milk, Cheese, Yogurt
Category 3: Yogurt – Yoplait, GV, Activia
Category 4: Yoplait – No fat, Light, Original
Category 5: Original – Strawberry, Peach, Banana,
Vanilla
1. Classification:
The grouping of objects or information based on
similarities
2. Taxonomy:
The branch of biology concerned with the grouping and
naming of organisms
3. Taxonomists:
Biologists who study taxonomy
Info:
The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, developed the first method
of classification. All living things known at the time were
classified into 2 major groups – plants & animals
Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus, developed the first
method of classification that is still used today. Linnaeus
selected physical characteristics that led to classification
cased on close relationships of organisms.
Ex: Bats (old book pg. 482)
He also invented the two-word system used to identify
species.
Classification System:
Pg. 431
***Acronym:
King Phillip Choked On Flies Going to School!
4. Species:
A group of individuals that can interbreed and produce
fertile offspring.
5. Genus:
Consists of a group of closely related species; the first
part of the scientific name
*** Binomial nomenclature:
The system devised by Linnaeus that gives each organism
2 names
Binomial – Is a combination of the genus & descriptive
names
Nomenclature – The system of naming objects
6. Family:
A group of closely related genera
7. Order:
A group of related families
8. Class:
A group of related orders
9. Phylum:
A group of related classes
10. Kingdom:
A group of related phyla; the largest and most inclusive
group in the Linnaean classification system.
11. Domains (3):
1. Domain Bacteria – Contains the organisms in kingdom
Eubacteria
2. Domain Archaea - contains the organisms in kingdom
Archaebacteria
3. Domain Eukarya – Contains the kingdoms Fungi,
Protista, Plantae, & Animalia
12. Phylogeny:
The evolutionary history of a species
Aristotle’s categories of plants & animals were eventually
replaced by 5 kingdoms.
The 5 kingdoms are monerans, protists, fungi, plants, &
animals.
Now there are 6 kingdoms (monerans broken down into 2) and
they are Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, protists, fungi, plants, &
animals.
14. Prokaryotic:
Describes single-celled organisms that do not have a true
nucleus
15. Eukaryotic:
Describes cells that have a nucleus and other membranebound organelles
Six Kingdoms:
1. Archaebacteria (newest kingdom) – organisms that
resemble bacteria but live in extreme conditions; A
unicellular organism that lives in complete darkness
deep on the ocean floor near a volcanic vent
2. Eubacteria (known as Monera kingdom in the 5
kingdoms) – typical bacteria; A prokaryotic,
unicellular organism that may contain chloroplasts
3. Protista – Examples are algae, protozoa, slime molds;
A eukaryotic, unicellular organism that may contain
chloroplasts
4.
5.
6.
Fungi – Examples are molds, mushrooms, yeasts; A
multicellular organism that has a cell wall but does
not make its own food
Plantae – Examples are mosses, ferns, grasses,
vegetable plants, trees; A multicellular organism that
makes its own food using photosynthesis
Animalia – Examples are sponges, jellyfish, worms,
snails, insects, fish, frogs, lizards, birds, kangaroos;
A multicellular organism whose cells do not have a cell
wall