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Organizing Life: Classification/Kingdoms Ch 18 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? How can we compare a newspaper and the movies with classification? How can we compare classification to Wal-Mart? Departments: Groceries, Electronics, Clothes, Toys, Automotive, Sports Category 1: Groceries – Bakery, Meat, Dairy, Snacks, Fruit, Veggies Category 2: Dairy – Milk, Cheese, Yogurt Category 3: Yogurt – Yoplait, GV, Activia Category 4: Yoplait – No fat, Light, Original Category 5: Original – Strawberry, Peach, Banana, Vanilla 1. Classification: The grouping of objects or information based on similarities 2. Taxonomy: The branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms 3. Taxonomists: Biologists who study taxonomy Info: The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, developed the first method of classification. All living things known at the time were classified into 2 major groups – plants & animals Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus, developed the first method of classification that is still used today. Linnaeus selected physical characteristics that led to classification cased on close relationships of organisms. Ex: Bats (old book pg. 482) He also invented the two-word system used to identify species. Classification System: Pg. 431 ***Acronym: King Phillip Choked On Flies Going to School! 4. Species: A group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. 5. Genus: Consists of a group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name *** Binomial nomenclature: The system devised by Linnaeus that gives each organism 2 names Binomial – Is a combination of the genus & descriptive names Nomenclature – The system of naming objects 6. Family: A group of closely related genera 7. Order: A group of related families 8. Class: A group of related orders 9. Phylum: A group of related classes 10. Kingdom: A group of related phyla; the largest and most inclusive group in the Linnaean classification system. 11. Domains (3): 1. Domain Bacteria – Contains the organisms in kingdom Eubacteria 2. Domain Archaea - contains the organisms in kingdom Archaebacteria 3. Domain Eukarya – Contains the kingdoms Fungi, Protista, Plantae, & Animalia 12. Phylogeny: The evolutionary history of a species Aristotle’s categories of plants & animals were eventually replaced by 5 kingdoms. The 5 kingdoms are monerans, protists, fungi, plants, & animals. Now there are 6 kingdoms (monerans broken down into 2) and they are Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals. 14. Prokaryotic: Describes single-celled organisms that do not have a true nucleus 15. Eukaryotic: Describes cells that have a nucleus and other membranebound organelles Six Kingdoms: 1. Archaebacteria (newest kingdom) – organisms that resemble bacteria but live in extreme conditions; A unicellular organism that lives in complete darkness deep on the ocean floor near a volcanic vent 2. Eubacteria (known as Monera kingdom in the 5 kingdoms) – typical bacteria; A prokaryotic, unicellular organism that may contain chloroplasts 3. Protista – Examples are algae, protozoa, slime molds; A eukaryotic, unicellular organism that may contain chloroplasts 4. 5. 6. Fungi – Examples are molds, mushrooms, yeasts; A multicellular organism that has a cell wall but does not make its own food Plantae – Examples are mosses, ferns, grasses, vegetable plants, trees; A multicellular organism that makes its own food using photosynthesis Animalia – Examples are sponges, jellyfish, worms, snails, insects, fish, frogs, lizards, birds, kangaroos; A multicellular organism whose cells do not have a cell wall