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Classification Notes Why Do We Classify? History of Classification - Aristotle • Greek philosopher • Divided organisms into 2 groups - ____________________ and ______________________. • Divided animals into 3 groups according to how they ________________________. 1. 2. 3. - Carolus Linnaeus • Classified plants and animals according to similarities in __________________________. • Divided living things into one of two kingdoms, __________________ or Animal. • Divided each of the kingdoms into smaller groups called __________________ (genus). • Divided each genera into smaller groups called species. The Evolution of Our Classification System • The ____________________ System is used by scientists all over the world, but has been expanded to include new and different living things as they are __________________. It will continue to grow as human knowledge grows. Classification Terminology • CLASSIFICATION – • TAXONOMY – • ORGANISM – • BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE – • EVOLUTION – Our Current Classification System The classification system in use today places each living thing into a series of specific groups based on similarities and differences in body structure, _________________ and ____________________. The largest group into which any living thing can be classified is its ____________________. Followed by . . . P C O F G S Our Hierarchical System • Taxonomists divide organisms into a series of groups (divisions) that get more and more specific. – ___________________ include the largest numbers of organisms. – Species include only one type of organism. • Moving from kingdom to species – groups increase in commonality and evolutionary relationships, but __________________ in size (fewer numbers). The Kingdoms 1. Moneran Kingdom • Bacteria – – – – – - Harmful Bacteria • Some bacteria can attack plants. • In human hosts, bacteria cause illness but in most cases, humans can be treated with _________________. • Sterilization and ___________________ can help prevent infection. - Helpful Bacteria • “Friendly bacteria” not only helps produce the __________ we eat and keeps the soil fertile; it also helps us digest our food. - Archaebacteria – – “extremophiles” – found in harsh conditions such as volcanic vents at the bottom of the sea - Eubacteria – – blue-green algae – Most bacteria are in this kingdom 2. Protist Kingdom • aka - protozoans • • • • - Classification of Protists Protists are classified based on how they obtain __________________ and how they __________________. Protozoans Algae Fungus-Like 3. Fungus Kingdom • Examples – mushrooms, _____________________, yeasts and ____________________. • Most fungi are ______________________________ (yeast is unicellular). • All fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs. • Fungi can be found almost everywhere on _______________, but only a few live in fresh water. - The Importance of Fungi • Decomposers – Break down ________________ organisms – Return nutrients to the _________________ • Drugs are produced – _______________________ • Food supply – mushrooms, truffles Yeast - Fermentation which causes _____________ and produces carbon dioxide to make bread. - "Model organisms" for studying problems in ____________________ and molecular biology. - Bad Fungi? • Animal diseases – – • Plant diseases – – 4. Plant Kingdom • multicellular • • Autotrophs – make food through the process of ________________________ • Examples – ferns, flowers, shrubs – Trees • Conifers • Deciduous 5. Animal Kingdom Heterotroph • Invertebrates – – – • Vertebrates – – – – * The organization of ____________________ is ever changing!