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Classification Chapter 7 sections 1 & 2 Pages 164-179 Why Classify? • Classification: putting things into categories, orderly groups based on similar characteristics • Important Questions: 1. How many known species are there? 2. What are the defining characteristics of each species? 3. What are the relationships between these species? How Do Scientists Classify Organisms? • Carolus Linnaeus: founded modern taxonomy (1700s) based on shape and structure, 7 level system • Taxonomy: the science of describing, classifying, and naming living things • The more characteristics the organisms share, the more closely related the organisms may be. Branching Diagrams 7 Levels of Classification • • • • • • • Kingdom-largest Phyla Class Order Family Genus Species Here are some sentences: • Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach. • Koalas Prefer Chocolate Or Fruit, Generally Speaking • King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti • Keeping Precious Creatures Organized For Grumpy Scientists Scientific Names • Two Part Names: Genus and Species • All two part names: the genus starts with a capital letter and the species names start with a lower case letter, usually italicized when surrounding words are not • Usually in Latin or Greek Dichotomous Keys • An identification aid that uses sequential pairs of descriptive statements • Consists of answers to a series of questions Taxonomic Key What steps would you use to identify an apple? 1a Fruits occur singly ................................................. Go to 3 1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ................ Go to 2 2a Fruits are round ................................................... Grapes 2b Fruits are elongate ............................................... Bananas 3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .........Oranges 3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 4 4a More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples 4b One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 5 5a Skin covered with fuzz.................... Peaches 5b Skin smooth, without fuzz........................... Plums The Six Kingdoms Two Kingdoms of Bacteria • Archaebacteria: prokaryotes that can live in extreme conditions • Eubacteria: all bacteria not in the archaebacteria kingdom such as bacteria found in soil, water, and inside you. Kingdom Protista • Simple multicellular or single celled • Eukaryotes • Not plants, animals or fungi • Animal like protists called protozoa • Plant like protists called algae (slime mold) Kingdom Fungi • Molds and mushrooms • Do not perform photosynthesis (like plants) and do not eat food (like animals) • They absorb nutrients • Use digestive juices to break down substances Kingdom Plantae • • • • • Eukaryotic Cell Walls Photosynthesis Can be on land or water Provide habitat for other organisms also provide food for organisms • Can not move around Kingdom Animalia • Complex, multicellular organisms that don’t have cell walls • Usually able to move around • Specialized sense organs • Quickly respond to their environment • Also includes worms, insects, coral and even sponges The modern system of classification has 8 levels: • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Extras… • Brain Pops: Classification, Six Kingdoms, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, and Protists • http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzbioclass.html • http://www.biology4kids.com/index.html • http://www.biology4kids.com/files/studies_ta xonomy.html
