Download Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells Notes File

Cornell Notes
Topic: Plant vs.
Animal Cell
&Transports
Questions
Which of the following
cells is a Prokaryote and
a Eukaryote?
What is a cell?
Why are cells important
to Agriculture?
What kinds of cells exist
in nature?
What is a prokaryote
cell?
What is an example of a
prokaryote cell?
What is a eukaryote cell?
What is an example of a
eukaryote cell?
Name: _________________________________________
Date: ________________________ Period: ____________________
Notes
Which of the following cells is a Prokaryote and a Eukaryote? Please draw a picture of each cell.
What is a cell?
 The smallest unit that can carry all the processes of life
What is the cell theory?
 The basic unit of _____________ and function within an organism is the cell
 All living organisms are composed or one or more cells
 Cells come only from ________________ cells
 That cells are the smallest life forms capable of self-replication.
Why are cells important to Agriculture?
 Without the ability to study cells, most of the advances in agriculture would not have taken place
 Life processes take place on a _________________ level
 Everything in the production process of plants and animals must be understood at cellular level to
make improvements
Cell Types - What kinds of cells exist in nature?
 There are only two main categories of cells that comprise all life forms, no matter how complicated a
life form may appear:
 1. ________________________, and
 2. ________________________
Prokaryote Cells
 Prokaryotes are cells without a ____________________.
 They have genetic materials but are not enclosed within a __________________.
 Instead, the genetic material (DNA) of prokaryotes _______________ free in the cell.
Prokaryote Cells
 These include ________________ and cyanophytes.
 The genetic material is a single circular DNA and is contained in the __________________, since there
is no nucleus.
Eukaryote Cell
 These are cells with a _____________________.
 The genetic material is surrounded by a membrane much like the cells membrane.
Eukaryote Cell
 Eukaryotic cells are found in ______________and other multi-cellular organisms (plants and animals)
also algae, protozoa.

What is an organelle?
What is a cell
membrane?
What is a cell wall?
What is cytoplasm?
What is a nucleus?
What is an Endoplasmic
Reticulum?
What are Ribosomes?
What is a Golgi Body?
They have both a cellular membrane and a nuclear membrane
What is an organelle?
 A cell component that performs specific___________________
 Example – nucleus, cell membrane
Cell Membrane
 The outer boundary of the cell
 Gives _____________ and flexibility to the cell
 Is semi-permeable
Cell Wall
 Only in _______________ cells
 Thicker then the membrane
 Relatively inflexible
 Protects and ________________ the cell
Cytoplasm
 Semi-fluid material inside a cell
 Helps to keep all ____________________ in place
Nucleus
 The cells brain
 Contains chromosomes
 Involved in ____________________ ___________________
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 Folded membrane
 Transports __________________ and other materials
Ribosomes
 The site of ___________________ ____________________
 Can be attached to the ER or float loose in the cell
Golgi Body
 Closely stacked flattened membranes
 It is the processing, _____________________and secreting organelle
Mitochondria
 Breaks down food molecules and releases____________________
What is Mitochondria?
What is a Lysosome?
What is a Vacuole?
What is the difference
between a Plant Cell and
Animal Cell?
Lysosome
 Contains digestive enzymes
 __________________________ and rids the cell of waste
 Prevents bacteria and viruses from invading
Vacuole
 Sack of fluid surrounded by a membrane
 __________________food, enzymes or waste.
 Animals cells have many small ones
 Plant cells have one ___________________one
Plant cell vs. Animal cell
 Plant Cells have:
 Cell ________________
 One Large ____________________________
 Plastids (stores food or pigment which give color to plant)
Plant cell vs. Animal cell Picture – Please draw a picture of each.
 Plant Cell

Animal Cell
What is homeostasis and
cell transport?
Cell Functions
 Homeostasis and Transport
 The stable internal condition of a living thing
 Transportation across a membrane is essential for maintaining______________________
 Cell membranes help control homeostasis by controlling what_____________________ pass in or out.
What are the 2 types of
transport?
Two Types of Transport
•
Passive Transport
•
Diffusion
•
_________________
•
Facilitated Diffusion
•
Ion Channels
What are the different
types of Passive
transport?
What is diffusion?
What are the diffusion
principles?
What is a concentration
gradient?
What does rate of
diffusion depend on?
What is equilibrium?
•
Active Transport
Diffusion
 simplest type of passive transport
 The movement of molecules from an area of _______________ concentration to an area of low
concentration
 Does not require the cell to expend _____________________
Diffusion Principles
 There is a _____________ _ _________________the difference in concentration of molecules across a
space
 Diffusion always occurs ________________the concentration gradient from an area of HIGH
concentration to an area of LOW concentration.
 Diffusion driven by the kinetic energy the molecules possess-moves randomly
Diffusion Principles

Rate of diffusion depends on the _________________________, size, and type of molecule that is
diffusing

Molecules diffuse____________________ at higher temperatures

Small molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules
Diffusion Principles

Diffusion will eventually cause the concentration of the molecules to be the same throughout the
space, and the concentration gradient will no longer exist

When this occurs the system is said to be in a state of ________________________
What is osmosis?
Osmosis
•
Passive Transport
•
diffusion of__________________ across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
Osmosis
 Terms:
o
o
o
What are a solute,
solvent & solution?

Solute: substance being dissolved in solution
Solvent: the substance in which a solute is being dissolved
Solution: a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly dissolved in
another substance
Please solve the following
Ex: sugar + water mix
Solute =_______________________
Solvent = _______________________
Solution = __________________________
What is a hypertonic
solution?
What is a hypotonic
solution?
What is an isotonic
solution?
Net Direction of Osmosis
 When the concentration of solute molecules is higher outside the cell, the solution is
___________________ to the cytosol.
 Water will move out of the cell
Net Direction of Osmosis
 When the concentration of solute molecules is lower outside the cell, the solution is
__________________________ to the cytosol.
 Water will diffuse into the cell
 When a cell bursts it is called ___________________________
Net Direction of Osmosis
 When concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is equal to that inside the cell, the solution is
_________________________________ to the cytosol.
 No net movement of water, water diffuses in/out at equal rates
Net Direction of Osmosis
Summary