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STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE AT BUFFALO
Department of Biology
Biology 100
Principles of Biology
Spring 2004
Dr. Wadsworth
Final Exam 4a
Darwin and Evolution
Cover Sheet
Name: ____________________________________________________
(Print)
Instructions.
1. Print your name in the space designated on this cover sheet.
2. Be sure that your exam has 9 pages including this cover sheet.
3. Read each question carefully and answer in the space provide
4. You must answer all 20 multiple choice questions and the essay question
(#21). Failure to anwer these questions will reduce your grade.
5. At the end of the exam there are 5 short answer questions. Answer only 4 of
these 5 questions. Answering all 5 questions may reduce your grade. Under
the question you choose not to answer, please write the word "SKIP". Failure
to write "SKIP" under the one question you choose not to answer will reduce
your grade.
Multiple Choice
Choose the best answer for the question or the best ending for each statement. Write the
letter (A-E) which corresponds to the best answer on the line before the question. (2 pts
each)
_____1. During an investigation of a serial rapist in Swinoujscie, Poland, DNA samples of the rapist were
obtained from vaginal swabs of the victims. In an effort to apprehend the perpetrator, police
requested that all young men who lived in the area submit a DNA sample. Of the 12,000
potential suspects, 421 submitted DNA samples. One of the samples (from suspect KW) was a
very close match to the DNA from the vaginal swabs. Nine of the ten STR’s were a perfect
match. How did the polish police proceed with this information?
A. They prosecuted KW because the probability of matching even 9 of 10 STR’s was 1 in
100 trillion.
B. They analyzed additional STR’s of KW to see if the non-matching STR was an
experimental accident.
C. They sent the sample to the United States FBI laboratory for analysis using the FBI
DNA profiling strategy
D. They obtained DNA samples of close relatives of KW for analysis.
E. They cleared KW, because his DNA didn’t match and tried to collect DNA samples
from the other 11,000 potential suspects.
_____ 2. Which of the following is an example of allopatric speciation?
A. A tetraploid plant species evolves from a diploid ancestor. Both the tetraploid and
diploid species are found in the same habitat.
B. Two populations of fruit flies are unable to mate because their reproductive organs do
not properly fit together.
C. A male horse and a female donkey mate, producing a sterile hinny.
D. One population breeds in the fall, and another population breeds in the spring.
E. A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon. Through time the two
subpopulations evolve into two distinct species.
_____3.The theory of evolution would predict that human DNA is most similar to that of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Monkeys
Mice
Rabbits
Whales
Snakes
_____4. With FBI DNA profiling strategy, the probability of two individuals sharing the same DNA profile
is often 1 in 100 billion. In spite of these incredible odds, there are examples of two individuals
having the same profile. Which of the following will most likely result in two people having the
same DNA profile?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A father and son
Two bothers
A brother and sister
The offspring of fist cousins
Identical twins
_____ 5. With FBI DNA profiling strategy, the probability of two individuals sharing the same DNA
profile is often 1 in 100 billion. What is the most important feature of the FBI strategy that allows
them to have these incredible probabilities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They examine 13 core STR loci in each sample analyzed.
They use an STR locus that is hypervariable and has 1000’s of alleles.
The use STR locus that matches the racial profile of the suspect.
They have analyzed STR loci in 100,000’s of DNA samples
They focus on STR loci that rarely vary in populations.
_____ 6. The molecular clock theory involves which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Nucleotide sequences
Metabolic pathways
Respiration and photosynthesis
Four Macromolecules of life
Subatomic structure of molecules
_____ 7. According the “Genetic Testimony” why didn’t the jury believe that the DNA evidence in the OJ
Simpson case proved his guilt?
A. The DNA profiling demonstrated that none of the blood samples at the crime scene
matched Simpson’s.
B. The jury believed that DNA samples collected at the crime seen may have been
contaminated.
C. The LA police lab did not use the most advanced technology in their analysis.
D. The LA police couldn’t explain how DNA profiling could be used to identify the source
of a blood sample.
E. The jury decided to ignore DNA evidence and focus on eyewitness testimony.
_____ 8. In science, a theory is
A. an untested hypothesis
B. a general set of principles supported by evidence, that explains some aspect of the
natural world
C. speculation about the natural world, based on a general knowledge of a field
D. an observation
E. the first idea proposed to explain some aspect of evolution
_____9. Speciation occurs
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
after populations become reproductively isolated and diverge.
when mutations generate observable differences.
when transitional forms develop between different populations.
when natural selection pressures reach their maximum.
when humans intervene and establish new breeds.
_____ 10. Evolution works on:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
genes of individuals
phenotypes of individuals
allele frequencies in population
birds with small beaks
birds with large beaks
_____11. Which of the following explains how two alleles of an STR would differ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
they will encode different proteins
they will encode different forms of the same protein
they will differ in length
they are unrelated to phenotype
One will be dominant and the other will be recessive.
_____12. The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of what?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
diversifying selection
common ancestry
convergent evolution
analogy
genetic drift
_____ 13. Your physician gives you a prescription for an antibiotic. You take the antibiotic until you are
feeling better and decide to save the remaining doses for future use. What is the likely result of
your behavior?
A. By decreasing your reliance on antibiotics, you are promoting the health of your
immune system.
B. You are saving yourself from having to pay money to renew the prescription when, at
some time in the future, you again need that antibiotic.
C. You are contributing to that antibiotic being less effective the next time it is used.
D. By using less of the antibiotic, you decrease the exposure of bacteria to that antibiotic
and thus help to make sure that the antibiotic will remain effective when used in the
future.
E. You are making yourself immune to that antibiotic
_____ 14. The peppered moth is often used as an example of microevolution. Based on the description of
microevolution we discussed in class, what is the relationship of wing color in the peppered
moth to fitness?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The fitness of wing color is higher the more pigment is found in the wings.
The fitness of wing color is dependent on the color of tree bark.
The fitness of wing color is dependent on the type of air pollution
The fitness of wing color is a random (or a chance) component of natural selection.
The fitness of wing color is higher the less pigment is found in the wings.
_____ 15. Which of the following best explains how artificial selection differs from natural selection?
A. cold weather
B. food shortage
C. human choice
D. predators
E. crop yield
_____ 16. How would a geneticist define evolution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a change in allele frequencies over time
a change in phenotypes over time
changes in the appearance of an organism over time
changes in the earth due to changes in the atmosphere
changes in fitness over time
_____ 17. Which of the following would be the type of observation that Lamarck would have made?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
People who overeat will have children who over eat.
People who overeat will be more prone to cancer.
Overeating can lead to obesity.
Obesity has a genetic component
Overeating and obesity are unrelated
_____18. Thomas Malthus proposed that
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the food supply could multiply faster than the population.
the population could multiply faster than the food supply.
the food supply and population multiplied at the same rate.
artificial selection was the key to evolution.
natural selection was the key to evolution.
_____19. Fruit fly species all look more or less alike. If you have a male and female fruit fly what would be
the best way to determine that they are the same species?
A. If they can both asexually reproduce and their offspring can also successfully asexually
reproduce, then they are all the same species.
B. If they mate successfully and their offspring can also mate successfully, all are the same
species.
C. If they mate when they are put together then they are the same species.
D. Examine them closely with a low power microscope comparing their physical
characteristics to published species key lists of characteristics.
E. Base sequence the DNA of their chromosomes.
_____ 20. Which of the following is the result of stabilizing selection?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Phenotypes do not change as the species evolves
Both extreme phenotypes becomes more common
Phenotypes of one extreme phenotype becomes more common than the other
Intermediate phenotypes become more common
Unstable phenotypes are selected against.
Essay Question (20pts)
21. Mr. and Mrs. C come to a genetics clinic for prenatal diagnosis. They have each been tested to
determine whether they carry the gene for cystic fibrosis. Both Mr. and Mrs. C are carriers for the cystic
fibrosis gene. The specific mutations for each parent were identified in earlier tests. Mrs. C, who is
pregnant, undergoes prenatal diagnosis to determine if the fetus is affected. DNA analysis indicates that the
fetus does have two copies of the cystic fibrosis gene, but one of the mutations it carries is different from
that of either Mr. or Mrs. C. That makes it virtually certain that Mr. C is not the baby's father.
Write a short essay explaining why Mr. C should or should not be told by the clinic that he is not the
father?
Short Answer Questions (10pts each)
Answer only four of the following five questions in the space below each question.
Under the one question you choose not to answer, write the word "SKIP".
22. Two varieties of grasshoppers are found in the Kansas; one variety is brown and the other is green.
Some scientists hypothesize that the two varieties represent different phenotypes of the same species.
Describe an experiment that could test this hypothesis. What results would support the hypothesis that the
two varieties are the same species of grasshopper?
23. Outline Darwin’s theory of natural selection
24. What is the evolutionary explanation for why the Irish have such fair skin?
26. What is the biological explanation for why the beaks of Galapagos Daphne finches have become larger
in the mid 1970’s?
27. A genetic counseling clinic performed an analysis of a preliminary paternity test. A single STR was
assayed. The STR was analyzed for the mother, Mary, and her son. The same STR was also analyzed for
three potential fathers. Based on the analysis of the data below, explain what can you conclude with
certainty?
Mary Son
Tom
Dick
Harry