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Transcript
Chapter 4 (Part A) : Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cell structures: •E u k a r y o t e = o r g a n i s m s c o n s i s t i n g o f o n e o r m o r e complex cells containing organelles •A n i m a l s , p l a n t s , f u n g i , p r o t i s t s a r e e u k a r y o t i c Parts -1. Cell walls: animal cells don’t have them; plants, fungi, some protists do 2. Plasma membrane: selectively-permeable barrier to environment; phospholipids and proteins 3. Nucleus: largest membrane-bound organelle in a cell; contains DNA + proteins (histones) in the form of chromosomes; covered by a double membrane with nuclear pores; where the genetic information is stored 4. Endoplasmic reticulum: 2 types – rough (with ribosomes) and smooth stacks of membranes from nucleus out into cytoplasm “factories” where many cellular molecules are made 5. Golgi apparatus:“packaging and shipping” areas of the cell; stacks of membranes with vesicles to the outside of the stacks; molecules are processed, packaged into vesicles, and moved to correct location in cell Nucleus ER Golgi apparatus 6. Lysosomes: special vesicles that contain digestive enzymes and acid fuse with other vesicles functions: recycle old molecules and organelles lyse infecting bacteria, etc.; Mycobacterium tuberculosis prevents fusion of lysosome with vesicle in cell containing the bacteria; the bacteria then ride along with the immune system cell (macrophage) bacterium lysosome nucleus Macrophage Macrophage now presenting bacterial antigens Ribosomes: made of RNA and proteins have no membrane site of protein synthesis 80S in cells; 70S in mitochondria of cells Ribosome sculpture at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 8. Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration occurs; where much ATP is made; contains its own DNA and ribosomes (70S like bacteria); it is believed that mitochondria evolved from bacteria taken in by a bigger cell 9. Chloroplasts: In plants and some protists Site of photosynthesis Evolved from photosynthetic bacteria 10. Cytoplasm: about 75% water, used to absorb heat from many reactions in a cell; dissolved and suspended molecules in cytoplasm 11. Cytoskeleton: “scaffolding” of cell which holds it into a shape and attaches this cell to another loss of cytoskeleton components may lead to cancer– rounding up Fibroblasts Microtubule endings labeled 12. Flagella: move in a complex, whip-like motion 13. Cilia: hair-like appendages; move mucus. Flagella video clip A SEM of rabbit tracheal airway cilia http://users.umassmed.edu/michael.sanderson/mjslab/image Video clip of cilia in respiratory tract beating http://users.umassmed.edu/michael.sanderson/mjslab/image The End