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Transcript
Cell Organelles As we go through the notes, you should be filling in your sheet. Feel free to add anything to your notes that you think will help you remember what we talked about. Cell membrane Flexible covering outside the cell Made of fat (lipids) Controls what enters and leaves the cell (similar to your skin) Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Cell wall Rigid covering outside the cell Made of different materials (depends on the kingdom) Gives the cell its shape and protection (similar to your skeleton) Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Plants, & some Protists Central vacuole Large storage area for water, wastes, and food Similar to your bladder Plants, Fungi & some Protists Centrosome Bundle of fibers that helps the cell divide (reproduce) Produces fibers that pull chromosomes apart Animals & some Protists Chloroplast Absorbs energy from sunlight to make sugar (photosynthesis) Has its own DNA Bright green Plants & some Protists Cilia Tiny hairs on the outside of the cell used for movement Hundreds per cell Some Animals, some Protists, some Bacteria & some Archaea Cytoplasm Liquidy goo that all the other organelles float around in (similar to your blood) Mostly water and some salts Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Flagellum Long, whip-like tail used for movement Usually only 1 or 2 per cell Some Animals, some Plants, some Bacteria, some Protists, & some Archaea Golgi Proofreads, modifies, and ships products of other organelles Usually found near cell membrane Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Lysosome Bubble filled with enzymes Destroys invaders & worn out cell parts (similar to your immune system) Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Mitochondria Burns sugar to make energy in the form of ATP (cell respiration) Has its own DNA “Powerhouse” of the cell Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Nucleolus Dark ball inside the nucleus Makes ribosomes Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Nucleus Place where main genetic material is kept (DNA & RNA) Usually near center of cell “Command center” or “Brain” of cell Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Pili Tiny hairs covering the outside of the cell Help cell recognize & sense its surroundings (like your nervous system) Bacteria & Archaea Ribosomes Tiny dots in cytoplasm or on rough E.R. Make proteins Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Rough E.R. Series of tunnels (like your veins and arteries) Transport proteins around the cell Usually wrapped around the nucleus Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Smooth E.R. Series of tunnels (like your veins and arteries) Transport new membrane pieces around the cell Usually found just outside Rough E.R. Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Vesicle Bubble that transports materials all around the cell Like wrapping paper or a box Usually found around the Golgi Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals