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Study Guide: Chapter 7
Viruses, Bacteria, Protists & Fungi
What characteristics are
shared by all viruses?
How do viruses reproduce?
Sketch and label a typical
virus particle
 Host cell needed for reproduction
 Must have genetic material & protein coat
 prokaryotic
 Attach and invade host cells
 “Trick “ the host cell DNA into producing virus parts
 Assemble the virus paricles which burst forth from the host cell
Genetic Material Protein Coat
Sketch and label a
bacteriophage
Protein Coat
What is the difference
between an active and a
hidden virus?
An active virus begins to reproduce immediately upon entering the
host cell.
A hidden virus rests inside the host cell for long periods of time before
becoming active
Define symbiosis
A close relationship between two organisms of different species.
One lives in on or close to the other.
At least one of the two organisms benefit from the relationship
Mutualism-Both organisms benefit
List and describe the three
types of symbiotic
relationships
Genetic Material
Commensalism-One organism benefits and the other is not helped or
harmed in any way
Parasitism-One organism benefits and the other is harmed/killed
What characteristics do all
bacteria share?




Sketch and label a typical
bacterial cell
Cytoplasm
What is an endospore?
Endospores are small, rounded, thick-walled,
resting cells that form inside a bacterial cell when conditions are
unfavorable
During binary fission a bacterial
cell duplicates its genetic material
and then divides into two separate cells
The cell produced are identical to each other
as well as to the parent cell
In bacteria, prior to binary fission a process known as conjugation takes
place
During conjugation two bacteria will
join together to exchange genetic material
After the exchange, the bacteria will separate
Animal-like
Plant-like
Fungus-like
Common name for plant-like protists is algae
They are extremely DIVERSE
Autotrophic
Produce oxygen
Both unicellular and multicellular
Come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes & colors
Euglena
Diatoms
See text page 232
Describe the process of
binary fission
What is conjugation?
What are the three groups
of protists?
Describe characteristics of
plant like protists
Name two examples of
plant like protists
Sketch and label a euglena
Sketch and label an
amoeba
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph or Hetertroph
Live in colonies
See text page 229
Ribosome
Describe diatoms, which
are another type of plantlike protists
Unicellular
Glass-like cell walls
Serve as food to other organisms
Can float, attach to objects or slide in their own slime
Glassy cell walls settle to sea floor and build up over time
forming diatomaceous earth(pool filters)
Form polishing agents: toothpastes & household cleansers
What are the
characteristics of green
algae?
Most diverse algae
Mostly unicellular
Closely related to plants
Live in fresh and salt water
Produce oxygen
What are the
Multicellular
characteristics of red algae? Live in ocean
Can exist in deep waters due to red pigments
Contain carrageenan & agar
Nutritious
What are the
characteristics of brown
algae?
Have air bladders that help them float
May also contain yellow, orange and green pigments
Found in salt water
Attach to rocky areas
“Seaweed” is an example
How are fungi similar to
plants?
At first glance, fungi have a similar structure to plants.
They also are not animals.
How are fungi different
than plants?
Fungi are unable to perform photosynthesis.
They are not autotrophs.
They are a type of heterotroph---saprotroph (feed on decaying organic
matter).
They reproduce by budding.
Yeasts are unicellular
fungi. Describe how yeast
reproduce.