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Name _____________________________________ Date_____________________ St. Mary School Class________________ Study Guide: Chapter 7 Viruses, Bacteria, Protists & Fungi What characteristics are shared by all viruses? How do viruses reproduce? Sketch and label a typical virus particle Host cell needed for reproduction Must have genetic material & protein coat prokaryotic Attach and invade host cells “Trick “ the host cell DNA into producing virus parts Assemble the virus paricles which burst forth from the host cell Genetic Material Protein Coat Sketch and label a bacteriophage Protein Coat What is the difference between an active and a hidden virus? An active virus begins to reproduce immediately upon entering the host cell. A hidden virus rests inside the host cell for long periods of time before becoming active Define symbiosis A close relationship between two organisms of different species. One lives in on or close to the other. At least one of the two organisms benefit from the relationship Mutualism-Both organisms benefit List and describe the three types of symbiotic relationships Genetic Material Commensalism-One organism benefits and the other is not helped or harmed in any way Parasitism-One organism benefits and the other is harmed/killed What characteristics do all bacteria share? Sketch and label a typical bacterial cell Cytoplasm What is an endospore? Endospores are small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cells that form inside a bacterial cell when conditions are unfavorable During binary fission a bacterial cell duplicates its genetic material and then divides into two separate cells The cell produced are identical to each other as well as to the parent cell In bacteria, prior to binary fission a process known as conjugation takes place During conjugation two bacteria will join together to exchange genetic material After the exchange, the bacteria will separate Animal-like Plant-like Fungus-like Common name for plant-like protists is algae They are extremely DIVERSE Autotrophic Produce oxygen Both unicellular and multicellular Come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes & colors Euglena Diatoms See text page 232 Describe the process of binary fission What is conjugation? What are the three groups of protists? Describe characteristics of plant like protists Name two examples of plant like protists Sketch and label a euglena Sketch and label an amoeba Prokaryote Unicellular Autotroph or Hetertroph Live in colonies See text page 229 Ribosome Describe diatoms, which are another type of plantlike protists Unicellular Glass-like cell walls Serve as food to other organisms Can float, attach to objects or slide in their own slime Glassy cell walls settle to sea floor and build up over time forming diatomaceous earth(pool filters) Form polishing agents: toothpastes & household cleansers What are the characteristics of green algae? Most diverse algae Mostly unicellular Closely related to plants Live in fresh and salt water Produce oxygen What are the Multicellular characteristics of red algae? Live in ocean Can exist in deep waters due to red pigments Contain carrageenan & agar Nutritious What are the characteristics of brown algae? Have air bladders that help them float May also contain yellow, orange and green pigments Found in salt water Attach to rocky areas “Seaweed” is an example How are fungi similar to plants? At first glance, fungi have a similar structure to plants. They also are not animals. How are fungi different than plants? Fungi are unable to perform photosynthesis. They are not autotrophs. They are a type of heterotroph---saprotroph (feed on decaying organic matter). They reproduce by budding. Yeasts are unicellular fungi. Describe how yeast reproduce.