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Transcript
The Cell The cells and organelles The structure of cell • Organisational levels of cell • Criterias of a living cell • Classification of cells on the basis of no. & nuclear membrane sizes of cells Plasma membrane Kinds of permeability Impermeaility Permeability Semipermeability Selectively permeability- Fluid mosaic model of P.M. Movement of substances across membrane diffusion Osmosis Click here to view animation Hypotonic ,isotonic & hypertonic solutions Endosmosis & exosmosis Special processes involved in transport of materials Endocytosis & exocytosis Endosymbiosis Click here to view animation Functions of nucleus-central role in cellular reproduction Controls all metabolic activities Every eukaryotic cell has fixed no.of chromosomes The paired condition of chromosomes is diploid Diploid cell-full no. Of chromosomes Unpaired chromosomes of each kind is a Haploid cell ,has half no. Of chromosomes Cell wall Location-plant cells,bacteria,fungi Structure-primary cell wall is made up of cellulose Cellulose is insoluble fibrous polysacccharide Primary cell wall-mechanical strength&protection Secondary cell wall-inner face of the primary wall Composed of liginin,suberin substances Plant cell -living -only primary cell wall Plant cell-non-living secondary cell wall is deposited on the inner Face of primary cell wall Nucleus Location-plant cell -pushed on one side of cell Animal cell-centrally located uninucleated, binucleated, multinucleated Resting nucleus -spherical Chemically nucleus80%protein,12%DNA,5%RNA, 3%lipids Structure of nucleus under microscope Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the part of a cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane. Plastid The effect of the pds3 mutation on plastid development. (A) wild-type. (B) Plastids in leaf mesophyll cells of purple seedlings 5 days after germination. (C) Plastids in leaf mesophyll cells of albino seedlings 30 days after germination. (D) Plastids in leaf mesophyll cells of albino seedlings 90 days after germination. St: starch granule; Tk: thylakoid; Oil: oil drops; PG: plastoglobule. Scale bar = 1.2 m. Chloroplast Chromoplast Prokaryotic cell & eukaryotic cell The prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. They differ from the eukaryotes, which have a cell nucleus. Most are unicellular. endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cistern within cells. mitocondria A mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. lysosomes Lysosomes are spherical organelles that contain enzymes that break up endocytized materials and cellular debris. They are found in animal cells Insert from wikipedia vacuoles A vacuole is a membrane bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells. Ribosomes Centrosome Click here for pictures some interesting facts about cells 1. The Longest Cell in your body is the motor neuron cell, which is located in the spinal cord, near the central nervous system. 2. It is believed that there are more nerve cells in your brain than stars in the milky way.