Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 6.3 Advances in Genetics
Document related concepts
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Human–animal hybrid wikipedia , lookup
Genetic testing wikipedia , lookup
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified food wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering in science fiction wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
• Key concept: “Selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering are three methods for developing organisms with desirable trait.” • Selective breeding- the process of breeding organisms with desired traits • Inbreeding- crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics • Inbreeding increases the probability of having genetic disorders • Hybridization- breeders cross two genetically different individuals trying to get the best of both organisms SELECTIVE BREEDING CLONING • Clone- an organism that has the exact same genes as the organism from which it was produced • You can clone some plants easily because all you do is cut a piece off and plant itnew plant is genetically identical to the original plant • Animals are more difficult to clone, they take the nucleus out of a body cell and use it to produce a new animal GENETIC ENGINEERING • Genetic engineering- genes from one organism are put into the DNA of another • Genetic engineering can produce and improve medicines and foods. • Genes have been inserted into animals (example- creating blood clotting protein to help people with hemophilia • Genes have been inserted into plants (example- creating crops that are resistant to pesticides • Gene therapy- inserting copies of a gene into a human’s cells • Concerns about the long-term effects of genetic engineering (crops harm environment or health problems in people ) GENETIC ENGINEERING Scientists use genetic engineering to create bacterial cells that produce important human proteins such as insulin. LEARNING ABOUT HUMAN GENETICS • Key concept: “Applications of DNA technology include studying the human genome in detail and identifying people.” • Genome- all the DNA in one cell of an organism • DNA finger printing is used to show if people are related using • Except for identical twins every person has different DNA fingerprints • Scientists use mitochondrial DNA, because it is almost identical to the mother, to determine the person’s identity HUMAN GENOME PROJECT Project goals were to… • identify all the approximately 30,00035,000 genes in human DNA • determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA • store this information in databases • improve tools for data analysis Scientists now know the DNA sequence of almost every human gene Section 3: Advances in Genetics What are three ways of producing organisms with desired traits? What are two applications of DNA technology in human genetics?
