Download Cells and Organisms Study Guide 5.5

Cells and Organisms Study Guide 5.5
Characteristics of Living Things:
• Living things grow and develop.
• Living things use energy. The get energy by eating or making food.
• Living things reproduce.
• Living things respond to their environment. (ex. animal fur grows thicker in the
winter)
• Living things get rid of waste.
Scientists refer to all living things as organisms. Living things are made of cells! These
cells carry out all life processes. New cells come from existing cells. The smallest unit
within a living thing is a cell.
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Cell Structures
• Animal Cells: cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, vacuole
•
Plant Cells:
cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, vacuole,
cell wall, chloroplast
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Vocabulary
Animal- many celled; mobile; feeds on other organisms; reproduces by eggs or live birth
Cell- the smallest unit within a living thing in which life functions occur
Cell membrane- the thin, bag-like structure that allows certain materials to pass in and
out of cells (it surrounds animal cells, and is surrounded by the cell wall of plant cells)
Cell wall- the sturdy, outermost structure surrounding plant cells that protects the cell and
hold up the plant (plant cells only)
Chloroplast- the structure in a plant cell, containing chlorophyll, where photosynthesis
takes place (plant cells only)
Classify – to group or sort things based on their characteristics
Cytoplasm- the clear, jelly-like substance inside a cell that keeps the cell organelles in
place
Invertebrate- an animal without a backbone (sponges, worms, cnidarians, mollusks,
arthropods, echinoderms)
nonvascular plant- a plant without tubular tissues to carry nutrients throughout (liverworts
and moss)
nucleus- the part of the cell containing information to control the cells activities. This is
the “brain” of the cell.
plant- many celled; makes its own food; reproduces by seeds or spores (daisy and moss)
vacuole- a storage sack in a cell used to store food or nutrients
vascular plant- a plant with tubular tissues that move nutrients up and down the stem
(grass, trees, and flowers)
vertebrate- an animal with a backbone (birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals)
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Living things can be grouped into categories (CLASSIFIED) based on their
characteristics.
Plants (vascular and nonvascular)
A. Vascular plants have tubes to carry the nutrients to all parts of the plant. These
plants may grow very tall. Most plants are vascular. Examples: Trees, flowering
plants
B. Nonvascular plants do not have tubes to carry nutrients to all parts of the plant.
They do not have true stems, roots, or leaves. Examples: moss, liverworts,
hornworts
Animals (vertebrates and non-vertebrates)
A. Vertebrates – animals with backbones. Vertebrates can be classified into 5
groups: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
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B. Invertebrates- animals without backbones. Invertebrates can be classified into
6 groups. Since these are not as common as the vertebrates, I included a
description as well as 2 picture examples.
1. Mollusks- there are over 100,000
species of mollusks! Examples:
Snails, slugs, clams, octopus
2. Sponges – these animals live in water
and are very simple organisms with
no digestive systems, no circulatory
systems, or nervous systems!
3. Cnidarians – this group includes
jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones.
They have radial symmetry.
4. Worms – these animals have soft
bodies and include many types of
worms. Examples: earthworms,
leeches
5. Arthropods – this group of animals
have an exoskeleton and are the
largest group of invertebrates.
Examples include spiders,
centipedes, insects, and
crustaceans.
6. Echinoderms – these animals have
an endoskeleton and radial
symmetry. Examples include the
starfish, sea urchins, and sand
dollars.
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Big Idea Questions
•
What are cells? How do cells work together?
•
Name the essential structures of an animal cell. Discuss the function of each structure:
nucleus, cell membrane, vacuole, and cytoplasm.
•
Name the essential structures of a plant cell. Discuss the function of each structure:
cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane, vacuole, chloroplasts, and cytoplasm.
•
If you were looking under a microscope at a cell, how could you tell if you were
looking at a plant cell or an animal cell?
•
Which cell structures are in both an animal cell and a plant cell?
•
What are some ways in which you could classify plants? animals?
•
If you were asked to classify 50 different species of birds, which characteristics could
you use to classify them?
•
What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants? Give an example
of each.
Extension topics: (these are the remaining 3 Kingdoms - for enrichment purposes)
fungus- one or many celled; mostly immobile; absorbs food from others (mushrooms,
yeast, and mold)
moneran- once celled organism without a cell wall; no nucleus (bacteria and blue green
algae
protist- once celled or multicellular organisms with a nucleus (paramecium, kelp, and
amoeba)