Download exceptions)

CELL PARTS- Both Animal and Plant cells
(with few
exceptions)
1.
Cell membrane- Boundary between cell and its environment (like
wall/gate/moat of castle) and serves as protection, support and regulates
movement of materials in and out of cell (nutrients, food in and waste
products out); to maintain homeostasis
2. Cell
Wall (ONLY IN
PLANT CELLS)- Fairly rigid structure located outside cell
(extra
membrane
wall of protection around castle OR extra security system);
provides additional support and protection INCLUDING keeping more water
"on board" inside plants cells to maintain plant's rigidity while standing tall
above ground-'twatch out for those windy conditions plants!"
Cell Wall made of carbohydrate- cellulose (form thick mesh of fibersporous allowing molecules to pass through itlnot selective method)
3. Nucleus- "brain of the cell i.e. the king of the castle- gives directions as to
day-to-day operations inside cell/controls activities of organelles (i.e. contains
genetic materia l- DNA-provides i nstructions for protei n synthesis)
A. Chromatin- Coiled up DNA strands i.e. during CELL CYCLE (majority of
cell's "day'DNA coiled into this organelle; ONLY upon cell division
(mitosis) does the chromatin condense to form chromosomes
B. Nucleolus- site of ribosome formation
4.
Nuclear envelope/membrane- between cytoplasm and nucleus; double
membrane of TWO phosopholipid bilayers + Nuclear pores- for substances
to pass through; support and protect nucleus f "king" within (inner wall of
castle/security system on king's home)
5. Cytoplasm-clear, gelatin/jelly-like fluid within cell; site of chemical reactions
or day-to-day activities within cell (daily life within castle walls i.e. trees, soil
-both biotic/biotic and biotic/abiotic interactions occur here)
6.
Ribosome- site of protein synthesis; (site of worker production) i.e. RNA
shipped out of nucleus via nuclear pores-gets "transformed" into proteins
here
7.
Endoplasmic reticulum- highly folded membranes (i.e. large surface
area)/large workspace within cell i.e. cell membrane components modified
and some protein modification occurs here as well; Rough ER is ribosomes
attached to ER vs. Smooth ER (no ribosome attached)-site of production
and storage of lipids
IN addition- these are the "roads" within the cell where materials are
transpofted throughout the cell
B.
Golgi apparatus- Following protein synthesis, come here (appears as
flattenend sacs/tubular membranes- site of protein modification/package
proteins (carbs and lipids attached to proteins) before sent to appropriate
location i.e. post office/Fed. ExlUPS
9.
vacuoles (NorE: FOUND IN BorH
CELL TYPES): membrane-bound spaces
for temporary storage of materials i.e. food, water, nutrients, enzymes (to be
used at later time) OR store before shipped out of cell (waste products);
these are the storage areas within castle walls i.e. grain silos or waste
treatment storage tanks
difference between cell types is vacuoles MUCH LARGER in size in
PLANT CELLS - related to the pressure/stand up straight in ground
-
idea
10. Lysosome (AGAIN found in both cell types): organelles that contain
digestive enzymes; job to digest excess or worn out cell parts (i.e. OLD) as well
as engulfed VERY BAD viruses and bacteria; end up fusing with vacuole and
adding enzymes to storage site for rapid disposal YES THIS IS waste
management AS WELL AS recycle folks
11.
Chloroplasts (ONLY IN PLANT CELLS): site of photosynthesis, based on
green pigment chlorophyll, allows organelle to capture light energy and turn
it into chemical energy i.e. glucose; Thylakoid membranes are sites of light
capture while stroma is the fluid surrounding these membranes
12.
Mitochondria (YES, in both!) the POWER
PLANT or site of cellular
respiration whereby food meaning SIMPLE SUGAR meaning GLUCOSE is
broken down to release energy for life's work; appears as a double
membrane with inner being highly folded
13.
Cytoskeleton- support structure (the mortor and bricks of castle);
variety of rods and filaments forming cellular framework (like skeleton of your
body) along with forms of cellular movement
a. Microtubules- thin, hollow cylinders made of protein; "tracks" along
which organelles can move along + IMPORTANT in Mitosis (cell division)
b. Microfilaments- thin, solid protein fibers; movement and suppoft of cell
c. Cilia- aid in locomotion and feeding; pairs of microtubules that slide
against one another allowing bending; wavelike motion of many tiny
projections back and forth
d. Flagella- see cilia BUT longer projections/oars on a boat
L4. Centriole (only found in Animal cells)- plays a crucial role in Mitosis/cell
division
CiW Analooy
a. Cell membrane- City border
b. Cell Wall- City wall
c. Cytoplasm- Lawns or Community
d. ER- Highwaylroad system
e. Ribosomes- Lumber or brick yard/workers
f.
Golgi - Post office Or UPS
g. Chloroplasts- Solar energy plants
h. Nuclear membrane- City Hall fence with security guard
Mitochondria- Energy plant
Nucleus- City Hall
k. DNA- Original blueprints of the city
RNA- Copies of blueprints
m. Nucleolus- Copy machine or Mayor/most noticeable paft of nucleus
n. Lysosomes- Waste disposal/Recyclers/Wrecking ball
o. Vacuole- Warehouse, water tower or garbage dump
p. Chromosome- Rolled up blueprints
q. Proteins- Lumber or bricks
Cytoskeleton - "Mass transit rails and/or trains i.e. transportation
s. Rough ER- Factory where workers produce things for city
Smooth ER- Pharmaceutical plant- hormones, steroids and medications
produced here
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