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Biology Study Guide
Mrs. Schwartz/Mrs. Gucciardo/Mr.LaScala
2nd Semester Final Exam 2012
Vocabulary
Genetics (Chapters 10 & 11):
Gamete
Crossing over
Fertilization
Gene
Heredity
Phenotype
Genotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Carrier
Karyotype
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DNA (Chapter 12 & 13):
DNA
Nucleotide
Purines
Pyrimidines
Double helix
Complementary
Replication
RNA
Transcription
Translation
Codon
Mutation
DNA
fingerprinting
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Evolution and Classification (Chapters 15 & 17):
Evolution
Adaptation
Natural
selection
Fossil
Homologous
structure
Gradualism
Punctuated
equilibrium
Binomial
nomenclature
Taxonomy
Species
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Bacteria and Viruses (Chapter 18):
Pathogen
Vaccine
Antibiotic
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Protists (Chapter 19):
Protozoa
Algae
Amoeba
Euglena
Cilia
Flagella
Paramecium
Budding
Pseudopodia
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Invertebrates (Chapter 25.3 & Chapter 26):
Asymmetry
Radial
symmetry
Bilateral
symmetry
Exoskeleton
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Endoskeleton
Hermaphrodite
Molting
Jet propulsion
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Mantle
Foot
Cephalothorax
Abdomen
Metamorphosis
Concepts
Genetics (Chapters 10 & 11):
 Interpret monohybrid Punnett squares.
 Be familiar with blood type inheritance.
 Interpret a pedigree.
 Understand the consequences of sex-linked disorders.
DNA (Chapter 12 & 13):
 What does DNA stand for?
 Where is DNA located?
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Who discovered DNA?
Describe the structure of DNA.
Describe the base-pairing rules for DNA.
Where does transcription take place? What is created in this step?
Where does translation take place? What is created in this step?
Use the genetic code table to translate amino acids.
Evolution (Chapter 15):
 State Darwin’s theory of evolution.
 How are the Galapagos Islands and South America related?
 Explain how comparing the anatomy of different organisms gives evidence for evolution.
Classification (Chapter 17):
 Describe Linnaeus’ system of binomial nomenclature.
 List the seven levels of biological classification from simple to complex.
 Name the six kingdoms and identify the following for each:
--prokaryote/eukaryote
--sexual/asexual reproduction
--autotrophic/heterotrophic
 What is a domain?
Bacteria and Viruses (Chapter 18):
 How/why have bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
 Describe the shape of bacterial DNA.
 What are the two main groups of bacteria?
 Who is Fleming and why was his discovery significant?
 Why is a virus not considered a living organism?
 Be able to label the important parts of a virus.
 How are most viral diseases transmitted?
 Why should we continue to administer vaccines in the United States?
Protists (Chapter 19):
 What are the general characteristics of protists?
 What environments do you find protists?
 Describe how euglena, paramecium and amoebas:
--move
--obtain energy
Animals (Chapter 25.3 & Chapter 26):
 What are the general characteristics of all animals?
 What is the function of the following systems: digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, and
excretory?
 What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
 What are the general features of arthropods (insects, arachnids, and crustaceans) and mollusks?
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