Download Cell Organelles

Where does life come
from?
• I can develop and use a
model to describe the
function of a cell as a
whole and the ways the
different parts of
cells contribute to the
function
What are
cell
organelles?
Organelles
Special structures that perform necessary functions of the cell
Think of a cell as a factory whose main product is proteins.
The Cell Membrane
• Controls
movements into
and out of the
cell
• Everything the
cell needs
enters through
cell membrane
• All cells have
membranes
• Is made of a
phospholipid bilayer.
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like
material that
supports the
organelles inside
the cell
• Gives the cell its
shape
• Constantly
Moving
Nucleus
• Directs all of the cell’s activities
including reproduction
• Contains genetic material (DNA) the
“blueprint” or “instruction manual” for
the cell
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
• Convert energy in food molecules to energy the
cell can use to carry out its functions
• Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular
respiration. “The Powerhouse”
• Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Smooth ER
• Network of passageways that carries materials
from one part of the cell to another
• Rough ER: has ribosomes
• Smooth ER: no ribosomes
• tubes and channels
Electron micrograph of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Free
Ribosomes
• A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a
cell where proteins are made (protein synthesis)
• May be attached to ER or floating in the cytoplasm
• small circular organelles
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi
Apparatus
• Receives proteins and other newly formed materials
from the ER, packages them and distributes them to
other parts of the cell
• Release Materials outside the cell
• Pancake-shaped layered organelle
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuoles
• Stores water, food,
waste products and
other materials for
the cell
• Plays a role in
intercellular
digestion
• Are much larger in
plant cells.
What is the
difference between
an animal cell and a
plant cell?
Plant vs Animal Cells
Plant and animal cells have a lot of
the same organelles.
Animal Cell
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
• Contain Chemicals that break down food particles
and worn-out cell parts
• Clean up crew
• Small membrane-bound organelles
Plant Cell
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
• Rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the
cells of plants and some other organisms
• Provides support and protection to the cell
• Made of cellulose
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
• Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce
food for the cell
• Site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into
sugar).
• Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll
Plant Cell
Small green chloroplasts can be seen inside
each plant cell
cork cells
Pollen
grains
bone cells
growth
plate
onion
cells
human red
blood cells
bacteria
Brain
cells
Neuromuscular junction –
where nerve cells connect with muscle cells
moss cells
Sperm and egg - conception
blood
clot
Hair cells in inner ear
rods and cones
– cells of retina
tooth plaque – bacteria + food particles
basal cell carcinoma – skin cancer
brain cells
normal red blood cell ---------- sickled red blood cell
common cold virus
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
H1N1 virus (swine flu)