Download Garza-Juliann-Project(1)

HAPS-I Course
Special Project
CRANIAL NERVES
JULIANN GARZA, PA-C, MS
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS-PAN AMERICAN
Objectives
 Identify the general functions and classifications of




the nervous system.
Differentiate the parts and functions of the central
nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Create a 3-dimensional model of cranial nerves.
Identify the cranial nerves by number, name, and
major functions of each.
Apply cranial nerve information into clinical
correlations and case studies.
Nervous
System
Central
Nervous
System
Peripheral
Nervous
System
Central Nervous
System
Peripheral Nervous
System
 Consists of brain and
 Consists of nerves that
spinal cord
 Interprets incoming
sensory information and
issues instructions
extend from spinal cord
and brain
 Serve as the
communication lines,
linking parts of the body
by carrying impulses
from the sensory
receptors to the CNS and
to the appropriate glands
or muscles
Nervous
System
CNS
PNS
Efferent
(motor
division)
Afferent
(sensory
divison)
Nervous
System
CNS
PNS
Efferent
(Motor)
division
Somatic
Afferent
(Sensory
division)
Autonomic
Nervous
System
CNS
PNS
Efferent
(Motor)
Division
Somatic
Afferent
(Sensory)
Division
Autonomic
Sympathetic
Parasympath.
Structure of a Nerve in the
Peripheral Nervous System
 Nervous tissue is made up of 2 principal
types of cells:
1. Supporting cells
2. Neurons
Peripheral Nervous System
Supporting Cells
Neurons
 Schwann cells: form
 The nerve cells are
the myelin sheath
around nerve fibers
 Satellite cells: act as
protection and
cushioning for the cells
specialized to transmit
messages from one
part of the body to
another
 ALL contain a cell body
and projection like
fibers
Functional Classification of Neurons
 Sensory (Afferent) Nerves
 Motor (Efferent) Nerves
 Mixed Nerves
Types of Nerves in the
Peripheral Nervous System
 Spinal Nerves
 31
pairs
 Formed by the
combination of the
ventral and dorsal
roots of the spinal
cord
 Named according to
region of cord from
which they arise
 Cranial Nerves
 12
pairs
 Serve head and neck
 Numbered in order
 Described by name,
number, and major
function
Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory
Origin/Course
Fibers arise from
olfactory receptors in
the nasal mucosa
Function
Sensory: carries
impulses for the sense
of smell
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
Cranial Nerve II
Optic
Origin/Course
-Fibers arise from the
retina of the eye and
form the optic nerve
-The 2 optic nerves
form the optic chiasma
-The fibers continue to
the optic cortex as the
optic tracts
Function
Sensory: carries
impulses for vision
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor
Origin/Course
Fibers run from the
midbrain to the eye
Function
Motor: supplies motor
fibers to four of the 6 eye
muscles that direct the
eyeball and eyelid
-Supplies internal eye
muscles controlling lens
and pupil size
Here
Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear
Origin/Course
Fibers run from
midbrain to the eye
Function
Motor: supplies motor
fibers for one external
eye muscle (superior
oblique)
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal
Origin/Course
Fibers emerge from the
pons and form three
divisions that run to the
face
Function
Sensory: carries
impulses from the skin
of the face and mucosa
of the nose and mouth
Motor: activate chewing
muscles
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens
Origin/Course
Fibers leave pons and
run to the eye
Function
Motor: supplies
movement to lateral
rectus muscle, which
rolls the eye laterally
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
Cranial Nerve VII
Facial Nerve
Origin/Course
Fibers leave the pons
and run to the face
Function
Sensory: carries
impulses for the sense
of taste
Motor: activates the
muscles of facial
expression and the
lacrimal and salivary
glands
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear
Origin/Course
Fibers run from the
equilibrium and
hearing receptors of the
inner ear to the brain
stem
Function
Sensory: transmits
impulses for the sense
of balance and hearing
Here
Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal
Origin/Course
Fibers emerge from the
medulla and run to the
throat
Function
Motor: supplies motor
fibers to throat that
promote swallowing and
saliva production
Sensory: carries sensory
impulses from taste buds
of the posterior tongue
and from pressure
receptors of the carotid
artery
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus
Origin/Course
Fibers emerge from the
medulla and descend into
the thorax and abdominal
cavity
Function
Fibers carry sensory
impulses from and
motor impulses to the
pharynx, larynx, and the
abdominal and thoracic
viscera that aid in
digestion and regulate
heart activity
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory
Origin/Course
Fibers arise from the
medulla and superior
spinal cord and travel
to muscles of the neck
and back
Function
Motor: activate the
sternocleidomastoid
and trapezius muscles
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal
Origin/Course
Fibers run from the
medulla to the tongue
Function
Sensory: carry impulses
from the tongue
Motor: control tongue
movements
 Add Corresponding Illustration
Here
References
Marieb, E. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009.