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Transcript
BIOL V01 Algiers CHAPTER 4 NOTES CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The Cell Theory States: 1. All living organisms are ____________________ 2. Smallest living organisms are ________________; cells are the functional unit of _________________________________. 3. All cells arise from _________________________. The Microscope Light Microscope (LM) pg 58-59 - Uses ______________________ - Robert ___________ -first _______________ ( ) Electron Microscope (EM) - Uses ___________________ - SEM - _____________ electron microscope - TEM - ______________ electron microscope Basic Attributes of cells Cell function limits ______________ - Most cells are ________________ μm (millionth of a meter) - Exchange of nutrients would be __________________if ______________ _________________ All cells share _____________________ - Plasma membrane (Chp 5) Is composed of _________________ & _________ 1. Isolates _________________________________________________ 2. Regulates _______________________________________________ 3. Allows _________________________________________________ - Cytoplasm – all the material and structures __________ the plasma membrane, ___________________ the region of DNA - Cytosol - ___________________ portion of the cytoplasm 1 BIOL V01 Algiers - DNA _________________ as heredity blueprint - All cells obtain _____________________ from _____________________ Two Basic Types of Cells Prokaryotes - No _________________________ Eukaryotes - Contains _________________________ Pg. 60-61; Fig 4-3 (Animal Cell); Fig 4-4 (Plant Cell) Structures of Eukaryotic Cells Network of _____________________________through the___________________ - Give ____________ and _______________ - ____________ and _______________ - ______________ (cell division) Cell Wall - Structure in the _________________________________________ - Composed of ___________________________________ Functions: _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Nucleus (composed of three parts) - Nuclear Envelope - Nucleolus - Chromatin 2 BIOL V01 Ribosomes Algiers - Assembled in the ______________ - Composed of ________________________ - Workbench to make ____________ Free Bound System of Membranes (ER, vesicle, & Golgi) - Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough Smooth Main Functions: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ - Vesicles - Lysosomes Two Examples of lysosome use: - Golgi Apparatus Pita Bread _______________________________________________ Fed Ex _____________________________________________ Protein production/secretion: (p 69 Fig 4-13) ER _________ __________ _________ _______________ _________ 3 BIOL V01 Vacuoles Algiers - ______________________, _______________, _________________ - Freshwater protists have _________________vacuoles Water enters the ___________________ and fills the central ____________________ Reserves ________________ and _____________ water out - Plants have _________________vacuoles Provides ________________________ - pressure of water pushing the cytoplasm against the _______________________ Provides a _______________________for hazardous wastes ________________ sugars, amino acids & pigments Chloroplast and Mitochondria - Chloroplast – Converts ______________________________ ________________________________ Site of ___________________ - Mitochondria – Takes ______________________________ ________________________________ Site of ___________________ - Endosymbiont hypothesis (pg 70-71) ___________________eukaryotic cells engulfed ___________________which evolved into mitochondria & chloroplast - Both organelles have _________________________, ____________, ___________________ are the ____________ of a prokaryotic cell (More in Chapter 17 if you are interested in this topic) 4 BIOL V01 Prokaryotic Cells Algiers Fig 4-19; p 73 Small (most are less than __________μm) May include _____________ and ________________ outside their cell wall to avoid drying up No ________________ or ______________ - DNA in region called __________ - Also contains rings of DNA called ______________ - Diverse Metabolism Most _________________: Decomposers, Commensals Parasites, Mutualistic Some ______________: photosynthetic, chemosynthetic Most are ______________, some are facultative anaerobes, some are obligate anaerobes _________________to have evolved in the _________________ - Probably obtained nutrients and energy by ____________________organic molecules - About _________________billion yrs ago Table 4-1: Function & Distribution of Cell Structures Watch Bioflix-Tour of an Animal Cell & Tour of a Plant Cell Key Terms to Define from Chapter 4: 1. Archaea 2. Bacteria 3. Central Vacuole 4. Chloroplast 5. Chromatin 6. Chromosome 7. Contractile vacuole 8. Cytoplasm 9. Cytoskeleton 10. Cytosol Chapter Questions: Pg 76 11. DNA 12. ER 13. Endosymbiont hypothesis 14. Eukaryotic 15. Flagellum 16. Food vacuole 17. Golgi apparatus 18. Lysosome 19. Mitochondria 20. Nuclear envelope Thinking through concepts Fill in the blanks Review Questions: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 5 21. Nucleoid 22. Nucleolus 23. Nucleus 24. Organelle 25. Plasma membrane 26. Plastid 27. Prokaryotes 28. RNA 29. Ribosome 30. Vacuole 31. Vesicle