Download The Cell (Chapter 4)

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CHAPTER 4 NOTES
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
The Cell Theory States:
1. All living organisms are ____________________
2. Smallest living organisms are ________________; cells are the functional unit of
_________________________________.
3. All cells arise from _________________________.
The Microscope

Light Microscope (LM) pg 58-59
- Uses ______________________
- Robert ___________ -first _______________ (

)
Electron Microscope (EM)
- Uses ___________________
- SEM - _____________ electron microscope
- TEM - ______________ electron microscope
Basic Attributes of cells

Cell function limits ______________
- Most cells are ________________ μm (millionth of a meter)
- Exchange of nutrients would be __________________if ______________
_________________

All cells share _____________________
- Plasma membrane (Chp 5) Is composed of _________________ & _________
1. Isolates _________________________________________________
2. Regulates _______________________________________________
3. Allows _________________________________________________
- Cytoplasm – all the material and structures __________ the plasma membrane,
___________________ the region of DNA
- Cytosol - ___________________ portion of the cytoplasm
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- DNA _________________ as heredity blueprint
- All cells obtain _____________________ from _____________________
Two Basic Types of Cells

Prokaryotes
- No _________________________

Eukaryotes
- Contains _________________________

Pg. 60-61; Fig 4-3 (Animal Cell); Fig 4-4 (Plant Cell)
Structures of Eukaryotic Cells

Network of _____________________________through the___________________
- Give ____________ and _______________
- ____________ and _______________
- ______________ (cell division)

Cell Wall
- Structure in the _________________________________________
- Composed of ___________________________________
Functions: _________________________
_________________________
_________________________

Nucleus (composed of three parts)
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin
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 Ribosomes
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- Assembled in the ______________
- Composed of ________________________
- Workbench to make ____________


Free

Bound
System of Membranes (ER, vesicle, & Golgi)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough

Smooth
Main Functions:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
- Vesicles
- Lysosomes
Two Examples of lysosome use:
- Golgi Apparatus
Pita Bread _______________________________________________
Fed Ex
_____________________________________________
Protein production/secretion: (p 69 Fig 4-13)
ER  _________  __________  _________  _______________ _________
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 Vacuoles
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- ______________________, _______________, _________________
- Freshwater protists have _________________vacuoles

Water enters the ___________________ and fills the central ____________________

Reserves ________________ and _____________ water out
- Plants have _________________vacuoles

Provides ________________________ - pressure of water pushing the cytoplasm
against the _______________________


Provides a _______________________for hazardous wastes

________________ sugars, amino acids & pigments
Chloroplast and Mitochondria
- Chloroplast – Converts ______________________________
________________________________
Site of ___________________
- Mitochondria – Takes ______________________________
________________________________
Site of ___________________
- Endosymbiont hypothesis (pg 70-71)
___________________eukaryotic cells engulfed
___________________which evolved into mitochondria & chloroplast
- Both organelles
have _________________________, ____________, ___________________
are the ____________ of a prokaryotic cell
(More in Chapter 17 if you are interested in this topic)
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Prokaryotic Cells
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Fig 4-19; p 73

Small (most are less than __________μm)

May include _____________ and ________________ outside their cell wall to avoid drying up

No ________________ or ______________
- DNA in region called __________
- Also contains rings of DNA called ______________
- Diverse Metabolism
Most _________________: Decomposers, Commensals Parasites, Mutualistic
Some ______________: photosynthetic, chemosynthetic
Most are ______________, some are facultative anaerobes, some are obligate anaerobes

_________________to have evolved in the _________________
- Probably obtained nutrients and energy by ____________________organic molecules
- About _________________billion yrs ago
Table 4-1: Function & Distribution of Cell Structures
Watch Bioflix-Tour of an Animal Cell & Tour of a Plant Cell
Key Terms to Define from Chapter 4:
1. Archaea
2. Bacteria
3. Central
Vacuole
4. Chloroplast
5. Chromatin
6. Chromosome
7. Contractile
vacuole
8. Cytoplasm
9. Cytoskeleton
10. Cytosol
Chapter Questions: Pg 76
11. DNA
12. ER
13. Endosymbiont
hypothesis
14. Eukaryotic
15. Flagellum
16. Food vacuole
17. Golgi apparatus
18. Lysosome
19. Mitochondria
20. Nuclear
envelope
Thinking through concepts
Fill in the blanks
Review Questions: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
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21. Nucleoid
22. Nucleolus
23. Nucleus
24. Organelle
25. Plasma
membrane
26. Plastid
27. Prokaryotes
28. RNA
29. Ribosome
30. Vacuole
31. Vesicle