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Describe the differences between DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Describe a gene. triplet degenerate Non-overlapping exons universal introns Transcription and translation Describe the synthesis of a protein from DNA. HINT: Use an image to build up a list of key words for the structure, then use that as a framework for your answer Messenger RNA (mRNA) is used during translation to form polypeptides. Describe how mRNA is produced in the nucleus of a cell. (6 MARKS) 1. Helicase; 2. Breaks hydrogen bonds; 3. Only one DNA strand acts as template; 4. RNA nucleotides attracted to exposed bases; 5. (Attraction) according to base pairing rule; 6. RNA polymerase joins (RNA) nucleotides together; 7. Pre-mRNA spliced to remove introns. 6 max Transcription and translation Describe the synthesis of a protein from DNA. HINT: Use an image to build up a list of key words for the structure, then use that as a framework for your answer Starting with mRNA in the nucleus of a cell, describe how a molecule of protein is synthesised. (6 MARKS) 1. mRNA leaves (nucleus) through nuclear pore; 2. To ribosome; 3. tRNA molecules bring amino acids (to ribosome); 4. Specific tRNA molecule for specific amino acid; 5. Anticodon of tRNA corresponds / complementary to codon on mRNA; 6. Peptide bonds form between amino acids; 7. tRNA detaches and collects another amino acid; 8. Ribosome moves along mRNA; max 6