Download Study Guide for Exam 1: Cell Biology

Study Guide for Exam 1: Cell Biology
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Topic 1: Macromolecules
CA Science Biology Standard 1h: Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic
acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple
precursors.
A. What are the large carbon compound molecules necessary for life, and what are
they used for?
Vocab: Carbohydrates (polysaccharides); nucleic acids; proteins; lipids
Textbook: 34-37
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B. What are each type of macromolecule composed of?
Vocab: Polymer; monomer; monosaccharide; amino acid; nucleotide; fatty acid; glycerol
Textbook: 34-37
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Topic 2: Types of Cells
CA Science Biology Standard 1c: Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells
(including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure.
A. What are the fundamental characteristics of life?
Vocab: homeostasis
Textbook: p. 6
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B. What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Vocab: prokaryote, eukaryote
Textbook: pp. 55-61
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C. What is the structure of a virus, and why are they not considered cells?
Vocab: virus, capsid, envelope, bacteriophage
Textbook: pp. 434-437 Notebook:
Topic 3: The Cell Membrane
CA Science Biology Standard 1a: Students know cells are enclosed within semipermeable
membranes that regulate their interactions with their surroundings.
A. What is the structure of the cell membrane?
Vocab: phospholipid, lipid bilayer, protein channel, polar, nonpolar, hydrophilic,
hydrophobic, semipermeable
Text: 60-61
Notebook:
B. How does the cell membrane regulate the passage of material in and out of the cell?
Vocab: active transport, passive transport, diffusion, osmosis, hypertonic solution,
hypotonic solution, isotonic solution, facilitated diffusion, ion channels, membrane
pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
Text: 74-86
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C. What is the difference between passive and active transport?
Vocab: concentration gradient, ATP
Text: 74-86
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Topic 4: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
CA Science Biology Standard 1e: Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
apparatus in the secretion of proteins. 1f: Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight
by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. 1g: Students
know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by
completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. 1j: Students know how eukaryotic cells
are given shape and internal organization by a cytoskeleton or cell wall or both.
A. What are the functions of the various organelles in the eukaryotic cell?
Vocab: nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, rough ER, vacuole, protein,
mitochondria
Text: pp. 55-66
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B. What is the difference between the smooth ER and the rough ER?
Text: p. 63
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C. What organelles distinguish plant cells from animal cells?
Vocab; chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole
Text: p. 66
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D. What is the role of the mitochondria?
Text: p. 65
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E. How does the Golgi apparatus aid in the secretion of proteins?
Text: p. 64
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F. What structures give shape and internal organization to the eukaryotic cell?
Vocab: cell wall, cytoplasm/cytoskeleton, vacuole
Text: p. 59
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Topic 5: Chemistry
A. What is the structure of an atom?
Vocab: proton, neutron, electron, nucleus
Text: pp. 28-33
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B. How do atoms interact with each other?
Vocab: ionic bonding, covalent bonding, polar, nonpolar, ions, single bond, double bond,
triple bond
Text: pp. 28-33
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