Download functions in the cell

AP Biology
Mr. Wallis
Reading Guide: Campbell Chapter 6
Name:
due date:
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
6.1 THE TOOLS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Notes:
 Light microscopes (LMs):

Resolving Power:

Organelles:

Electron microscope:

Transmission electron microscope (TEM):

Scanning electron microscope (SEM):
What does subcellular mean?
Cell Fractionation
Notes:
 Cell fractionation:

Ultracentrifuges:
What is an organelle?
6.2 EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE INTERNAL ________________ THAT COMPARTMENTALIZE THEIR FUNCTIONS
Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
Notes:
 Prokaryotic cell:

Eukaryotic cell:

Nucleoid:

Cytoplasm:

Cytosol:

Plasma membrane:
What does pro- mean?
What does eu- mean?
What does karyon mean? (literally and what it refers to in the cell)
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Similarities:
Differences:
page 1 of 9
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Save for lecture: why most cells are microscopic (fig. 6.8)
On separate sheets of paper: Trace & Label the Animal cell & the Plant Cell on p. 100-101.
6.3 THE EUKARYOTIC CELL’S GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS ARE HOUSED IN THE ____________________________ AND CARRIED
OUT BY THE ________________________________
The Nucleus: Information Central
Notes:
 Nucleus:

Nuclear lamina:

Chromatin:

Chromosomes:

Nucleolus:
What is the nuclear envelope?
What is the purpose of nuclear pores?
What is so important about the nucleus?
Ribosomes: Protein Factories
Notes:
 Ribosomes:
What is the main purpose of a ribosome?
Where are ribosomes found in the cell?
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
page 2 of 9
Explain the difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes.
6.4 THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM REGULATES ________________________TRAFFIC AND PERFORMS
__________________________ FUNCTIONS IN THE CELL
Notes: Structure & Fucntion of the endomembrane system
The endoplasmic reticulum: biosynthetic factory
Define:
 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER):
What does endoplasmic mean?
What does reticulum mean?
What does the ER do?
What does bio – synthetic mean?
Functions of the Smooth ER
What are the three main functions of the smooth ER?
1)
2)
3)
Describe the role of enzymes in each of these functions.
Why is the smooth ER called smooth?
Functions of the Rough ER
Notes:
 Glycoproteins:
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
page 3 of 9

Transport Vesicles:
What are secretory proteins?
How does the rough ER synthesize secretory proteins?
Why is the rough ER called rough?
Rough ER and Membrane Production
How does the rough ER assist in making membranes?
The Golgi Apparatus: Shipping & Receiving Center
Define:
 Golgi apparatus:
What is the purpose of the golgi apparatus?
What is the differnce between cis and the trans sides of the Golgi?
Briefly describe the process of a secretory protein traveling to the Golgi, and moving through it. Include a sketch!
Lysosomes: Digestive Compartments
Notes:
 Lysosome:

Phagocytosis:
What is the purpose of lysosomes?
What do lysosomes contain that allows them to be digestive?
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
page 4 of 9
Study figure 6.14 and describe what is happening in these diagrams:
Vacuoles: Diverse Maintenance Compartments
Define:
 Food vacuoles:

Contractile vacuoles:

Central vacuole:

Tonoplast:
Sketch & Label figure 6.16:
6.5 MITOCHONDRIA & CHLOROPLASTS CHANGE _____________________ FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER
Notes:
 Mitochondria:
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
page 5 of 9

Chloroplasts:
What separates mitochondria and chloroplasts from the endomembrane system?
Mitochondria: Chemical Energy Conversion
Define:
 Cristae:

Mitochondrial matrix:
What is the purpose of the mitochondria?
What type of cells contain mitochondria?
Sketch & label figure 6.17:
Chlorplasts: Capture of Light Energy
Notes:
 Plastids:

Thylakoids:

Grana:

Stroma:
What types of cells have chloroplasts?
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Peroxisomes: Oxidation (consume oxygen in various metabolic functions)
Notes:
 Peroxisome:
What is the purpose of the peroxisome?
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
page 6 of 9
How does the peroxisome function?
6.6 THE CYTOSKELETON IS A NETWORK OF _____________ THAT ORGANIZES ______________ AND ______________ IN
THE CELL
Notes:
 Cytoskeleton:
Providing structural support to the cells, the cytoskeleton also functions in cell motility and regulation
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
Why is it essential that the cytoskeleton provide structural support in animal cells?
What is cell motility?
Sketch & Explain how the cytoskeleton is involved in cell motility. (Use figure 6.21)
This is especially
important!
Microtubules
What is a microtubule?
Centrosomes and Centrioles
Notes:
 Centrosome:

Centriole:
Cilia and Flagella
Notes:
 Flagella:

Cilia:

Basal Body:

Dynein:
What are cilia and flagella used for?
Compare and contrast cilia and flagella. (Explain how they are similar and how they are different.)
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
page 7 of 9
Sketch and explain the “9 + 2” pattern. What is it used for? In what types of cells is it found?
Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)
Define:
 Actin:

Myosin:
Explain the 3 ways that microfilaments are involved in motility. (reference figure 6.27)
1)
2)
3)
6.7 _________________________ COMPONENTS AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELLS HELP ___________________
CELLULAR ACTIVITIES
Cell Walls of Plants
Notes:
 Cell wall:

Primary cell wall:

Middle lamella:

Secondary cell wall:
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells functions in support, adhesion, movement, and regulation
Notes:
 Extracellular matrix (ECM):

Collagen:
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
page 8 of 9
What is the main purpose of these proteins?
Intercellular junctions help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function
Notes:
 Plasmodesmata:

Tight junction:

Desmosomes:

Gap junction:
What is an intercellular junction?
Study figure 6.32 and complete the table below comparing the 3 types of junctions between cells:
Tight Junctions
Chapter 6 Reading Guide
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions
page 9 of 9