Download Learning

How we learn
Associative and Social
 Associative
Learning

Classical – Learn
associations
between 2 different
stimuli

Operant – Learning
associations
between behaviors
and consequences
 Neutral
(NS)
Stimulus
 Unconditioned
stimulus (US)
 Unconditioned
response (UR)
 Conditioned
Stimulus (CS)
 Conditioned
Response (CR)
 Bell

Will not make a dog
salivate alone
 Food
 Salivation
 Bell

Associated with food,
now makes dog
salivate
 Salivation
Stimuli triggers an
involuntary
BIOLOGICAL response
 What are some
example you came up
with??


Write down the US,
UR, CS and CR for this
story.

A man falls in love
with a woman. She
begins always wearing
a vanilla scented
perfume. Every time
he is around her, he
becomes
overwhelmed with
feelings of attraction
and love. After a
couple of years, the
two break up. Now,
every time the man
smells vanilla, he
becomes amorous.
 How
is this
learning?

 Example:

Video


Psychologists refer to
learning as a “relatively
permanent change in
behavior as a result of
experience”
Learning by association
Extinction


unlearning response to
stimulus
Generalization

attaching a learned
response to a similar
stimuli
Another way that
we LEARN!!
 Learning
that involves a system of rewards
and punishments for behavior.

Where have you heard these terms before…a
paradigm maybe??
 Based
off of a system of reinforcements and
Punishments


Reinforcements: Positive and Negative
The stimulus follows a behavior, increasing the
likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
 Positive



Receiving a reward
for behavior
Learn to associate
behavior with
rewards
Video
 Negative



removal or
prevention of an
unfavorable event
or outcome after
the display of a
behavior
Do not confuse
with punishment!!
What are some
examples of this?
 Walking
with a
stone in your
shoe…causes you
pain…removing the
stone, relieves the
pain.
 Putting on
sunscreen before
going to the
beach.
 Escape
conditioning
 Avoidance
conditioning

The idea that people
can learn through
observation in a social
context.

Bobo doll experiment

Internal mental states
are an essential part of
this process.

Internal rewards, such
as pride and feelings of
accomplishment

Recognizes that just
because something has
been learned, it does
not mean that it will
result in a change in
behavior.

We are able to learn
new behavior without
demonstrating new
behavior.

Modeling
Not all behaviors are effectively learned
 Steps must be followed in order to learn





Attention – you must first pay attention!!
Retention – You must be able to retain the information!
Be able to store the info and pull it out later.
Reproduction - Once info is retained, then you can begin
to perform the behavior…and “practice makes perfect”
Motivation – You must find the desire to retain and
reproduce behavior. Rewards and Punishments help with
motivation!
 Observational

Learning
Watching someone and being able to imitate it
Disinhibition

Watching bad behavior go unpunished increases
chances of engaging in that behavior

 What



are some examples of social learning?
Commercials!
Clapping when everyone else does.
Looking up at a building if others are.

You can experiment with this concept to see if it
works!
 Punishments
must be severe, immediate and
consistent—if not, behavior hardly changes


Produce unwanted side effects (aggression,
depression)
Learned avoidance—stay away from punisher
 Video

game violence
Think of what stages children (and some adults
with developmental disabilities or psychological
disorders) are in cognitively and morally. Does
this affect influence of game??