Download STAAR Review, Friday, Jan 20

STAAR Review, Friday, Jan 20
I.
II.
III.
Development of Cell Theory
A. Scientists
a. Robert Hooke – studied thin slices of cork to see “cells”
b. Anton van Leeuwenhoek – viewed “animalcules” in water
c. Matthias Schleiden – found plants had cells
d. Theodor Schwann – found cells in animals
e. Rudolf Virchow – developed cell theory
B. Cell Theory
a. All living things are made of cells.
b. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living
things.
c. New cells are produced only from existing cells.
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
A. Both have
a. Cell membranes
b. Cytoplasm
c. Contain ribosomes
d. DNA
B. Major differences
a. Eukaryotes are more complex and larger in size
b. Eukaryotes have organelles, specifically the nucleus
c. Prokaryotes do NOT have a nucleus or organelles
Cell Parts and Functions
A. Nucleus
a. Most visible
b. Controls cell functions
c. Surrounded by a 2-layer membrane (nuclear envelope)
d. Holds / stores DNA
e. Found in eukaryotes (not prokaryotes-these have a nucleoid
region with a circular chromosome)
B. Cell Membrane
a. Thin structure surrounding the cell
b. Controls what enters and leaves
C. Ribosomes
a. Location of protein synthesis
b. Made of protein and RNA
c. May be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum
a. System of membrane sacs to transport molecules
b. Two forms
i. Rough ER has ribosomes attached and makes proteins
ii. Smooth ER (no ribosomes) makes lipids and regulates
other cell processes
E. Golgi Bodies
a. Receives products from the ER
b. Modifies and packages those products
c. Ships them to other areas
F. Mitochondria
a. Site of cellular respiration (make ATP)
b. Converts sugars (food) to energy
G. Lysosomes
a. Contain digestive enzymes
b. Gets rid of unwanted materials and worn out cell parts
H. Cell Wall
a. Only found in plants, fungi, some protists, bacteria
b. Rigid structure outside cell membrane
c. Gives structure and support
I. Chloroplasts
a. Found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, some
bacteria)
b. Site of photosynthesis
c. Converts solar energy into food (sugar)
J. Vacuoles
a. Large storage organelle
b. Larger in plants
c. Stores water, minerals, foods, wastes, etc.