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Amyloid-β associated neuroinflammation and astrocyte dysfunction Elly M. Hol 1Astrocyte Biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience; Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2Swammerdam Reactive astrocytes and activated microglia are tightly associated with amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both cell types are likely to be involved in an inflammatory response that coincides with increased AD severity. The role of these activated glial cells is a topic of great scientific interest as, on the one hand, glial activation has been considered as an endogenous defensive mechanism against plaque deposition but, on the other hand, the persistent activation and associated inflammation may also contribute to neuronal dysfunction and AD progression. We have analysed molecular changes in both microglia and astrocytes and observed a.o. an increase in the immunoproteasome and a decrease genes involved in physiological astrocyte function. The astrocyte dysfunction may contribute to the cognitive impairment in AD. Support: ISAO #08504 & #12509 and NWO-VICI 865.09.003. More information: http://www.nin.knaw.nl/research_groups/hol_group Orre, M., Kamphuis, W., Dooves, S., Kooijman, L., Chan, E.T., Kirk, C.J., Dimayuga-Smith, V., Koot, S., Mamber, C., Jansen, A., Ovaa, H., and Hol, E.M. Reactive glia show increased immunoproteasome activity in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 136 (2013) 1415-1431. Kamphuis, W., Orre, A.M., Kooijman, L., Dahmen, M., and Hol, E.M. Differential cell proliferation in the cortex of the APPswePS1dE9 Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Glia 60 (2012) 615-629.