Download Prokaryote and Eukaryote organelle vocabulary 1. Cell

Prokaryote and Eukaryote organelle vocabulary
1. Cell- is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells
are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building
blocks of life".
2. cell theory- is one of the basic principles of biology. Credit for the formulation of
this theory is given to german scientists Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, and Rudolph
Virchow. The Cell Theory states: All living organisms are composed of cells.
3. Cell membrane- the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
4. cell wall- a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of
plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
5. Nucleus- a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded
structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
6. Cytoplasm- the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
7. Prokaryote- a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a
membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
8. Eukaryote- an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in
the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living
organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.
9. organelle - any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
10. Chromatin - the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e.,
eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
11. Chromosome - a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of
most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
12. Nucleolus - a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
13. nuclear envelope - also known as the nuclear envelope, nucleolemma or karyotheca, is the
double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic
cells. Thenuclear membrane consists of two lipid bilayers—the inner nuclearmembrane, and the
outer nuclear membrane.
14. Cytoskeleton - a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of
many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
15. Microtubule - a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells,
sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures.
16. Microfilament - a small rodlike structure, about 4–7 nanometers in diameter, present in
numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells.
17. Ribosome - a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large
numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to
synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
18. endoplasmic recticulum - a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a
eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is
involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
19. Golgi apparatus-a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most
eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
20. lysosome-an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes
enclosed in a membrane.
21. vacuole-a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and
typically containing fluid.
22. chloroplast-(in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which
photosynthesis takes place.
23. mitochondrion-an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical
processes of respiration and energy production occur.