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CELL ORGANELLES
• The human body contains many
different organs, such as the heart,
lung, and kidney, with each organ
performing a different function. Cells
also have a set of "little organs," called
organelles, that are adapted and/or
specialized for carrying out one or more
vital functions.
Nucleus
• The cell nucleus acts like the brain of
the cell. It helps control eating,
movement, and reproduction.
Membrane
• The membrane of a cell is like your skin in
the fact that both are outer layers that
control what goes into and out of the
center of the object. The cell membrane
controls what moves in and out of a cell
and your skin controls what moves in and
out of your body
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are the protein builders or
the protein synthesizers of the cell.
Calcium is like ribosomes because it
builds protein into the bones and body
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are known as the
powerhouses of the cell. They are
organelles that act like a digestive
system that takes in nutrients, breaks
them down, and creates energy for the
cell.
• The process of creating cell energy is
known as cellular respiration. They are
organelles that act like a respiratory
system Most of the chemical reactions
involved in cellular respiration happen in
the mitochondria.
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes are cellular organelles that
contain acid hydrolase enzymes to
break down waste materials and cellular
debris. They can be described as the
stomach of the cell.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:The ER is
a continuation of the outer nuclear
membrane. Smooth ER plays different
functions depending on the specific cell
type including lipid and steroid hormone
synthesis, breakdown of lipid-soluble
toxins in liver cells, and control of calcium
release in muscle cell contraction.
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough
endoplasmic reticulum appears
"pebbled" by electron microscopy due to
the presence of numerous ribosomes on
its surface. Proteins synthesized on
these ribosomes collect in the
endoplasmic reticulum for transport
throughout the cell.
Golgi
Apparatus
• Golgi apparatus or Golgi bodies. These
look like stacks of water-balloonpancakes. They are sort of like the
shipping and receiving department of
the cell. Materials are received as
vesicles unite with the Golgi apparatus,
and sent elsewhere as other vesicles
pinch off. Materials are temporarily
stored in the Golgi bodies, and some
further chemical reactions do take
place there.
Centriole
• Centriole (animal cells only): Each centriole
is a ring of nine groups of fused
microtubules. There are three
microtubules in each group. Microtubules
(and centrioles) are part of the
cytoskeleton. In the complete animal cell
centrosome, the two centrioles are
arranged such that one is perpendicular to
the other.
During animal cell division, the centrioles
replicate (make new copies) and the
centrosome divides.
Vacuole
Plant cell
Animal cell
• Vacuoles are found in all plant and fungi
cells, and some primitive animal cells,
protest and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are
usually smaller in an animal cell and larger
in a plant cell (80% of a mature plant cell).
Vacuoles can be considered compartments
that contain water (contractile vacuole),
food(food vacuole), proteins(vacuoles in
seeds), inorganic ions, poisons(protection
from predators) and metabolic waste and
are usually specialised to contain some or a
mix of the listed.
• Storage of cells.
SPECIAL ORGANELLES FOR
PLANTS
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
• The cell wall is One of the most
unique factor in a plant cell . The
cell wall in a plant cell wall is
comprised of mainly cellulose Micro
fibrils and its main functions of a
cell wall is for strength, protecting
the cells insides; as well as for
maintain the cells shape and
preventing it from bursting.
• Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis,
this is what makes plants autotrophic.
• Protein Synthesis- the capturing of the suns
radiant energy and storing it as chemical
energy in the form of glucose.
• So, why are plants are green? W ell when we
look at chloroplast we see that they are green;
but what makes the chloroplast green? Well
the pigment chlorophyll which is involved in
photosynthesis absorbs Red and Blue
reflecting Green making chloroplasts appear
green.
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ORGANELLE
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
cell walll
plant, not animal
*outer layer
*support (grow tall)
*rigid, strong, stiff *protection
*made of cellulose *allows H2O, O2,
CO2 to pass into
and out of cell
Cell membrane both plant/animal
nucleus
both plant/animal
nuclear
membrane
both plant/animal
cytoplasm
both plant/animal
both plant/animal
endoplasmic
reticulum (E.R.)
both plant/animal
ribosome
FUNCTION
*plant - inside cell
wall
*animal - outer
layer; cholesterol
*selectively
permeable
*support
*protection
*controls movement
of materials in/out
of cell
*barrier between
cell and its
environment
*maintains
homeostasis
*large, oval
*controls cell
activities
*surrounds nucleus *Controls movement
*selectively
of materials in/out
permeable
of nucleus
*clear, thick,
jellylike material
and organelles
found inside cell
membrane
*network of tubes
or membranes
*supports /protects
cell organelles
*carries materials
through cell
*small bodies free *produces proteins
or attached to E.R.
mitochondrion
both plant/animal
*bean-shaped with
inner membranes
vacuole
plant - few/large
animal - small
*fluid-filled sacs
lysosome
plant - uncommon
animal - common
*small, round, with a *breaks down larger
membrane
food molecules into
smaller molecules
*digests old cell
parts
chloroplast
plant, not animal
*green, oval usually
containing
chlorophyll (green
pigment)
*breaks down sugar
molecules into
energy
*store food, water,
waste (plants need
to store large
amounts of food)
*uses energy from
sun to make food
for the plant
(photosynthesis)