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Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Eukaryotic Cells CELL WALL 1. What is the function of a cell wall? 2. What are the cell walls of plants and algae made of? 3. What are the cell walls of fungi made of? CELL MEMBRANE 4. What is a cell membrane? 5. What are three types of compounds contained in the cell membrane? 6. What two substances control the movement of materials into and out of the cell? CYTOSKELETON ______ 7. A web of proteins in the cytoplasm is known as the a. phospholipid. c. cell membrane. b. cytoskeleton. d. organelle. 8. What are the two functions of the cytoskeleton? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Directed Reading A continued NUCLEUS ______ 9. What is the genetic material contained inside a cell’s nucleus? a. protein c. DNA b. lipids d. nucleolis ______10. The function of proteins in a cell is to a. control chemical reactions. c. cover the nucleus. b. store genetic information. d. copy messages from DNA. ______11. What is the nucleolus? a. the opposite of the nucleus b. another name for DNA c. a network of fibers in the cytoplasm d. a dark area of the nucleus that stores materials and makes ribosomes RIBOSOMES 12. Organelles that make proteins are called . 13. Proteins are made of . ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 14. A system of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids and other materials are made is the . 15. Two forms of endoplasmic reticulum are and . MITOCHONDRIA ______16. What function does a mitochondrion perform? a. It breaks down sugar to produce energy. b. It makes proteins. c. It breaks down toxic materials. d. It stores material used to make ribosomes. 17. The site of cellular respiration is the . 18. Energy produced in mitochondria is stored in a substance called . Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 5 Cells: The Basic Units of Life Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Directed Reading A continued CHLOROPLASTS ______19. Chloroplasts are organelles that are found in the cells of a. animals. c. mitochondria. b. plants and algae. d. all eukaryotic cells. ______20. Which process happens inside a chloroplast? a. production of ATP c. photosynthesis b. production of DNA d. formation of animal cells ______21. Chloroplasts are green because they contain a. sugar. c. chlorophyll. b. proteins. d. DNA. GOLGI COMPLEX ______22. The function of the Golgi complex is to a. produce sugar and water. b. package and deliver proteins. c. produce oxygen. d. trap energy from the sun. CELL COMPARTMENTS 23. A small sac that surrounds material to be moved into or out of a cell is a(n) . CELLULAR DIGESTION 24. What is a lysosome? 25. What is the function of lysosomes? 26. What function do vacuoles perform in plant and fungal cells? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 6 Cells: The Basic Units of Life Back Lesson Print PAGE TEACHER RESOURCE Answer Key Directed Reading A 7. B 8. to keep the cell’s membrane from col- SECTION: THE DIVERSITY OF CELLS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. lapsing and to help its organelles move C A D ribosomes amino acids endoplasmic reticulum or ER smooth, rough A a mitochondria ATP B C C B a vesicle a lysosome is a vesicle responsible for digestion inside a cell. 25. Lysosomes destroy worn-out or damaged organelles, get rid of waste materials, and protect the cell from foreign invaders. 26. Vacuoles are large organelles that act like lysosomes or store water and other materials. cell C D A E B C A B All organisms are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. All cells come from existing cells. cell of plants and fungi B E D A C cell membranes, organelles, cytoplasm, and DNA eukaryotic and prokaryotic Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. eubacteria, or bacteria tiny, round organelles made of protein and other material Archaebacterial ribosomes are different from eubacterial ribosomes heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making D B A “many cells” 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. SECTION: THE ORGANIZATION OF LIVING THINGS 1. by making more cells 2. larger size, longer life, and specialization 3. A tissue is a group of similar cells that 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. SECTION: EUKARYOTIC CELLS 1. 2. 3. 4. to give support to a cell cellulose chitin or a chemical similar to chitin a protective layer that encloses the cell and separates the cell’s contents from the cell’s environment. 5. lipids, phospholipids, and proteins 6. proteins and lipids perform a common function. nerve, muscle, connective, protective transport, protective, ground organ organ system leaves, stems, roots D B A D structure function alveoli Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 85 Cells: The Basic Units of Life