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MOLECULAR GENETICS - RNA
Výukový materiál GE 02 - 46
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
2014
RNA
a necessary component of protein
synthesis (= synthesis of proteins)
 synthesis of proteins = protein synthesis :
 fundamental process, by which the
information from DNA is transferred into a
particular sign
 polynucleotide chain

RNA
three types of RNA:
 1) m RNA messenger mediator
 linear
 synthesis in the cell nucleus
 enzyme RNA – polymerase
 the triplet of nucleotides after each
other following on mRNA is called
codon

RNA
the nitrogen base is bound on the
ribosome carbon in position1,
 different from DNA because of the
occurance of uracil instead of thymine
 remaining bases (adenine, cytosine,
guanine) are identical on both nucleic
acids

RNA
RNA very various:
 mono helix and linear molecules
 also double helix structures > t RNA
 3 types of RNA:
 m RNA
 t RNA
 r RNA

RNA
1) m RNA messenger mediator
 information
 it develops by the transcription from DNA
(enzyme RNA – polymerase)
 hundreds to thousands of nucleotides
 linear
 synthesis of m RNA in the cell nucleus
 a triplet of nucleotides following behind each
other placed on mRNA is called codon

RNA

2) t RNA transfer

complicated structure
short – 74 až 95
nucleotides
the cord creates 4
arms
secondary structure
- it reminds a
shamrock trefoil



RNA

particular arms
attach to each
other => they make
up a more complex
space formation –
so called tertiary
structure
RNA



AMA bind on the
acceptor arm
anticodon arm it
contains a triplet of
nucleotides =
anticodon
each anticodon in
tRNA is
complementary to the
particular triplet of
nucleotides in mRNA
– to the codon
RNA
3) rRNA ribosomal
 contained in ribosomes
 translation proceeds on
ribosomes
 genetic information transcribed
from DNA into mRNA determines
the order of amino acids in the
protein chain

DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
REVISION
Which picture depicts the tertiary structure of tRNA ?
SOURCES

KOČÁREK, Eduard. Genetika: obecná genetika a cytogenetika, molekulární biologie,
biotechnologie, genomika. 2. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2008, 211 s. ISBN 978-80-8696036-4.