Download 3rd Quarter Biology Assessment

3rd Quarter
Biology Assessment
1) Which types of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a. transfer RNA only
b. messenger RNA only
c. ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
Figure 1
2) Using Figure 1, what codons specify the amino acid Lysine?
Answer: AAA AAG
3) What does Figure 1 show?
a.
anticodons
b.
exons
c.
introns
d.
the genetic code
Answer: D
4) What is produced during transcription?
a. RNA molecules
b. DNA molecules
c. RNA polymerase
d. proteins
5) How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a. 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. 12
6) Gene regulation in eukaryotes
a. usually involves operons
b. is simpler than in prokaryotes
c. allows for cell specialization
d. includes the action of DNA polymerase
7) A promotor is a
a. binding site for DNA polymerase
b. binding site for RNA polymerase
c. start signal for transcription
d. stop signal for transcription
8) The instructions for assembling proteins are contained in
a. genes
b. ribosomes
c. exons
d. introns
9) Which of the following does not use the process of DNA replication?
a. Bacteria
b. Protists
c. Multi-cellular organisms
d. Mammals
e. All of these use DNA replication
Figure 2
10) What process is shown in Figure 2?
Answer: DNA replication or replication
Figure 3
11. What is the process shown in Figure 3?
Answer: translation
12) Which of the following is true of transcription?
a. In eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the cytoplasm and requires many enzymes.
b. RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to specific regions of the DNA called introns.
c. RNA editing removes the exons from pre-mRNA, leaving only the introns in the final molecule.
d. RNA polymerase can make many molecules of RNA from a single DNA sequence.
13) After a cell has undergone meiosis, the daughter cells will have
a. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
b. half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
c. no genetic variation from the parent cell
d. it depends on what type of cell it is
14) After a cell has undergone mitosis, the daughter cells will have
a. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
b. half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
c. genetic variation from the parent cell
d. it depends on what type of cell it is
Figure 4
15) Place the following into the correct category on the Venn Diagram, referencing Figure 4:
a. haploid (Meiosis)
b. diploid (Mitosis)
c. crossing over (Meiosis)
d. two identical daughter cells (Meiosis)
e. four different daughter cells (Meiosis)
f. cell division process (Both)
g. for repair and growth (Meiosis)
h. for reproduction (Meiosis)
i. occurs in gametes (Meiosis)
j. occurs in somatic cells (Meiosis)
16) Which of the following cell division processes is the reason siblings are not clones of one another or
of their parents?
a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. binary fission
d. cloning
17) Which of the following is not an environmental mutagen?
a. x-rays
b. pesticides
c. tobacco smoke
d. antioxidants
18) Which of the following statements is true?
a. The effects of mutations on genes vary widely. Some have little or no effect; and some
produce beneficial variations. Some negatively disrupt gene function.
b. Whether a mutation is negative or beneficial is not dependent on how its DNA changes
relative to the organism’s situation.
c. Mutations are often thought of as negative because they always disrupt the normal function
of genes.
d. Mutations are not the source of genetic variability in a species.
19) Which of the following statements about mutations is false?
a. Environmental factors including radiation and chemicals can cause mutations to occur.
b. Enzymes in cells can fix mutations by replacing incorrect nucleotides with correct ones.
c. All mutations are harmful to both the organism and the species to which it belongs.
d. Cancer is one result of DNA mutations
20) Most mutations
a. have no effect on an organism.
b. are fatal to an organism.
c. are helpful to an organism.
d. are harmful to an organism.
Figure 5
21) Before the Industrial Revolution most peppered moths were white with a few black spots. A
mutation occurred in some and the offspring had many more black spots than others. Usually the ones
with more black spots were eaten.... they didn't blend in. But as the Industrial Revolution grew in
England pollution began to darken (buildings, fences, rocks, etc.) Reference figure 5
a. Predict which form of moth has the highest survival rate. Black Peppered or White Peppered
Answer: Black Peppered
b. Was the mutation beneficial, harmful or neutral to the moth with the highest survival rate?
Answer: beneficial
FYI for the teacher: The white moth was highly visible and eaten more often than the less white w/
many black spots. The more black-spotted moth survived to reproduce. Eventually the population of
peppered moths was all dark with only a few spots of white. That is evolution due to a mutation that
became beneficial because of a change in the environment.
22) One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that
a. A gene mutation affects the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation.
b. A gene mutation can involve a insertion or deletion, but cannot result in a frameshift.
c. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell.
d. A chromosomal mutation is more likely to be passed on to offspring or daughter cells.
23) A possible mutagen is
a. an anticodon
b. translocation
c. hemoglobin
d. ultraviolet light
24) In gene therapy,
a. mutations are caused to increase genetic variation
b. DNA is cut with restriction enzymes
c. transgenic organisms are produced
d. a faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene
25) What happens when a cell cannot repair the damage caused by a mutagen?
a. The DNA base sequence changes permanently
b. The DNA base sequence is not affected.
c. The organism is not affected.
d. The organism is affected temporarily
26) Mutations are important to the evolution of a species because they
a. happen over the long period of time that evolution requires
b. cut out and replace damaged or useless genes.
c. are a source of genetic variability.
d. accelerate the transcription rate of DNA.
27) Breeders induce mutations to
a. produce hybrids
b. produce purebred organisms
c. decrease the genetic variation in a population
d. increase the genetic variation in a population
Figure 6
28) Which two animals in Figure 6 are genetically identical?
a. A and B
b. B and C
c A and C
d. C and D
29) Which of the following does not occur during “normal” meiosis?
a. independent assortment
b. crossing over
c. mutations
d. all of the above normally occur
e. none of the above normally occur
30) The process in meiosis that involves the exchange of gene segments on homologous chromosomes
and increases genetic variability is known as:
a. crossing over
b. cloning
c. mutation
d.replication
31) What type of cells can differentiate to become specialized tissue due to the expression of some
genes?
a. stem cells
b. reproductive cells
c. daughter cells
d. all of the above
32) For each example, determine if the trait is determined by genotype or by the environment
a. Turtles whose eggs hatch at higher temperatures tend to be female
ANSWER: Environment
b. A blue-eyed girl is born to two blue-eyed parents
ANSWER: Genotypes
c. Bees in a colony are assigned different jobs. As they develop, worker bees begin to look
dramatically different.
Answer: Environment
d.A litter of puppies is born. They are all grey, except one, which is brown
Answer genotype
e. Tall pea plant seeds are planted in different locations in a yard. They produce plants with
different heights.
Answer: environment
33) Characteristics shared by adopted children and their biological parents are mostly ____ while
their similarities with adoptive parents reflect ____ influences.
a. environmental, heritable
b. genetic, environmental
c. genetic, heritable
d. environmental, genetic