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Which of the following definitions
best fits the definition of the
study of psychology?
a. the study of abnormal behavior
b. the study of behavioral and
mental processes
c. the study of our unconscious
mind
d. the study of cognition
e. the study of behavior
Nativism
vs.
Empiricism
 Human traits are
 Knowledge comes from
innate
 Socrates and Plato
 Rene Descartes
 Dualism – Mind
and Body separate
entities
sensory experience
 Aristotle
 Hobbes and Locke
 Monism – body and mind
are one in the same
Which idea is more influential today?
12. Which of the following Greek
philosophers was the first to
attempt to classify psychological
disorders?
a. Socrates
b. Plato
c. Aristotle
d. Hippocrates
e. Galen
13. Which of the following early theories of
psychology involved measuring the bumps
on a person’s head to determine their traits
and abilities?
Do these entail actual scientific
a. Nativism
b. Empiricism processes?
Determining how physical stimuli are
c. Psychophysics perceived
d. Phrenology Can this be proven?
the hands over a humans body can reverse
e. Mesmerism Running
the imbalance of magnetic fluids which causes
illness
Which of these theories do you think is considered
to be the first SCIENTIFIC study of psychology?
Theory
Stated ideas
behind theory
Pioneering
Psychologists
Major Practices
that resulted
Structuralism
-First school of
psych. thought
-Breaking down
mental processes
into the most basic
components
(William Wundt)
The term was
coined by Wundt’s
student E.
Titchner
(Marg. Washburn
was his student)
Introspection –
have people report
their experiences
as they
experienced
sensory stimuli
(to subjective)
Functionalism
-Objected to
structuralism
-tried to explain
the purpose of
consciousness and
behavior
William James
(Mary Calkins was
his student)
Longitudinal
Research –
studying one
person or a group
over a long period
of time
Behavioral Psych
Study observed
behavior NOT
hidden mental
processes
Edward Lee
Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
BF Skinner
Classical
Conditioning –
involuntary
response to stimuli
Operant
Conditioning –
voluntary response
Theory
Stated Ideas
Psychologist
Major practices
Psychoanalysis/
Psychodynamic
Psychology
A method of
studying
unconscious
mental processes
Sigmund Freud
(Neo-Freudians)
Carl Jung
Erik Erikson
Unconscious
Mind
Free Association
say whatever
comes to mind
Projective Tests –
ink blot test
Humanistic
Psychology
-Created as an
Carl Rogers
alternative to
Abraham Maslow
behaviorism and
psychoanalysis
- Focus on
understanding the
conscious mind,
free will, growth of
healthy people
Person centered
therapy – non
judgmental, help
people clarify who
they are
Hierarchy of
Needs – must
meet basic needs
before we can
become selfactualized
Evolutionary
Psychology
Focuses on genetic Charles Darwin
roots of mental
G. Stanley Hall and behavioral
1st APA President
patterns
Nature vs.
Nurture
Natural Selection
Theory
Stated Ideas
Biological
Psychology
(Neuroscience)
How the body and
brain influence
behavior
Cognitive
Psychology
Mental processes
involved in
acquiring, storing,
and using
knowledge
Gestalt
Psychology
-Literally means
“form” or “whole”
-Study our
tendency to
integrate pieces of
info into a
meaningful whole
Social Cultural
-Study how
behavior and
thinking vary
across situations
and cultures
Psychologists
Major practices
Jean Piaget
Noam Chomsky
-Cognitive Stages
of Development
-Language
acquisition
•_____ Charles Darwin
a. This psychologist is considered to be the
founder of modern psychology
•_____ Wilhelm Wundt
b. This psychology became the first female
president of the American Psychological Association
•_____ William James
c. In this psychological perspective the focus
is on studying observed behaviors not hidden
mental processes
•_____ Sigmund Freud
d. Jean Piaget developed stages of learning as
part of this psychological perspective to explain
how our mental processes develop
•_____ Margaret F Washburn
e. This scientist explained the theory of evolution
•_____ Mary Calkins
f. This psychologist investigated how our
unconscious thoughts impact our development
•_____ Biological Psychology
g. This psychologist created the functionalist
perspective to challenge the early perspective
•_____ Cognitive Psychology
h. This psychologist was the first female to received a PHD in
psychology from Harvard.
•_____ Evolutionary Psychology
i. This psychological perspective is also called
Neuroscience because it focuses on the how brain influences us
•_____ Behavioral Psychology
j. This psychological perspective focuses on how
our natural genetic instincts have impacted our mental and behavioral
patterns
14. What psychological perspective did Ivan Pavlov, John
Watson, and BF Skinner all believe in?
1.Evolutionary
2.Biological
3.Cognitive
4.Psychoanalysis
5.Behavioral
15. Which of the following best illustrates a humanistic approach
to personality?
1.Establishing gender schema in the development of sex roles
2.Recognizing the importance of unconscious and biological
instincts
3.Using functional analysis to specify external variables that
regulate behavior
4.Emphasizing personal growth and achievement of individual
potential
5.Exploring the childhood roots of behavior
 Biological/Neuroscience: Maybe Dennis Rodman has a high level of estrogen that
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makes him feel as though he should wear women’s clothes and dye his hair.
Evolutionary: Dennis Rodman’s tall height and athleticism are traits that are
naturally selected for; however; his cross dressing tendencies are counterintuitive to
his passing on his own genes. His ancestors were most likely tall and athletic as well.
Humanistic: As a result of not feeling accepted as a youth, Dennis Rodman has
resorted to cross dressing and erratic behavior in an attempt to find his ideal self.
Psychodynamic: Dennis was traumatized as a child when he was not permitted to
have a Halloween costume. He has repressed the memory but, as a result, dresses in
outrageous clothing to try and overcompensate for his loss as a child.
Behavioral: Dennis Rodman’s father and grandfather were both cross dressers and
frequently dyed their hair. Dennis observed this throughout his life and is now
imitating the same behavior.
Cognitive: Dennis Rodman interprets his role in the NBA as needing to create
attention for his team. As a result, he thinks that by cross dressing, dying his hair, and
tattooing his body, his team will get the positive attention it requires.
Social-Cultural: Perhaps the NBA culture, and these behaviors occur often and are
widely accepted; thus, Dennis Rodman believes his behavior to be typical and not out
of the ordinary.
16. Cell phone users have been complaining that the LCD display
(clock, date, etc.) is difficult to read. You have been commissioned to
design a new and improved phone. What type of psychologist are you?
17. It is my job to analyze standardized tests, like the SAT, to
determine any flaws in the test and redesign it. What type of
psychologist are you?
18. I focus mainly on the diagnosis and treatment of people with
psychological disorders, what type of psychologist am I?
19. I am mainly a statistician. I work for research companies or the
government to analyze complex date and compile statistics. What
type of psychologist am I?
20. It is my job to determine how to increase the moral of workers
and to speed up their production rates. What kind of psychologist am
I?