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Name ________________________________________________________ Science 7 Biology Test 1 Review Sheet Date_________ I. Cell Theory List the three main ideas of the Cell Theory 1. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________ What invention was critical for the development of the cell theory? ________________________________ Compare the two major types of cells: Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Different types of cells are structured differently (specialized) because they have different functions o Example: sperm cells have flagella so they are able to move towards an egg cell Organelle: _____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Multicellular Organization ___________________ (simplest) Cells ___________________ _______________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ II. Parts of the Cell Cell or Plasma Membrane: composed of a bilayer (double layer) oh phospholipid molecules (fat molecules) embedded with proteins o Function: ____________________________________________________________________________ o Cell membrane is Selectively Permeable: __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Nucleus- contains DNA (Chromatin → Chromosomes) that controls for the production of all cell proteins, controlling all aspects of cell’s activity Endoplasmic Reticulum- channel passageways for materials moving through the cell o What is the difference between the Smooth ER and the Rough ER: ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Golgi Body (apparatus)- packages materials that will be released by the cell Vacuole- vesicles for storage of materials o What type of eukaryotic cell has a large central vacuole? ______________________________________ o What is a contractile vacuole? ___________________________________________________________ Lysosomes- break down old, worn out cell parts Centrioles- animals only- rod shaped that aid in cell division Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell, releases useable energy (ATP) from food (glucose) o Site of what process? _________________________________________ Chloroplasts- plants only- uses sunlight to produce food (glucose) o Site of what process? _________________________________________ Cell wall- plants only- give cell strength and rigidity. Contain cellulose (a fiber that you don’t digest but that helps you digest other foods) Cytoplasm- jelly-like environment on the inside of cell Cytoskeleton- give the cell support o What is the difference between cilia and flagella? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ How do plant cells differ from animal cells? Plant Cells Animal Cells III. Transport Passive Transport requires no cellular energy o High Low o Examples: diffusion, osmosis (diffusion of water) Active Transport requires ATP (cellular energy) o Low High o Example: endocytosis, exocytosis Cells in Solution o Hypotonic solution: 1. Example: distilled water 2. More solute inside cell, more water outside cell a. Animal cell- swell and burst b. Plant cell- Doesn’t burst because of cell wall o Isotonic Solution: 3. Same inside and out a. Cells maintain dynamic equilibrium- no change o Hypertonic Solution: 4. Example: salt water 5. More solute outside cell, more water inside cell a. Animal cell - cell will shrivel b. Plant cell – cell membrane will shrink away from cell wall A. Identify and label the following cells/structures.