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Transcript
CELLS AND LIFE REVIEW KEY – LESSON 1 • 1. Which three scientists long ago helped develop the cell theory? • Robert Hooke • Matthias Schleiden • Rudolf Virchow 2. WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF CELL THEORY? • 1. All living things are made of one or more cells • 2. The cell is the smallest unit of life • 3. All new cells form from existing cells. MACROMOLECULE •What does “macr” mean? •If you have your blue page, look at that! •What does “cule” mean? SO • Macr = large • Cule = small • And “mole” = mass So “macromolecule” = large, mass that is small 3.HOW DO MACROMOLECULES FORM? •Smaller molecules join together 4. WHAT ROLE DOES WATER PLAY IN CELL SURVIVAL? • 1. surrounds the cell • 2. makes up large part of cell • 3. creates a stable environment • 4. ideal for dissolving other substances 5.WHAT DO NUCLEIC ACIDS CONTAIN? •genetic information 6. WHAT ROLE DO LIPIDS PLAY IN THE HEALTH OF A CELL? energy storage protective membranes communication 7. WHAT ROLE DO CARBOHYDRATES PLAY IN THE HEALTH OF A CELL? •1. energy storage •2. structural support •3. communication 8.WHAT DO LIPIDS NOT DO? •dissolve in water PROTEINS – •1 communication •2. Transport •3. Chemical breakdown of substances •4. Structural support CARBOHYDRATE 1. Energy storage 2. Structural support 3. Communication LIPIDS 1. Energy Storage 2. Protective membranes 3. Communication NUCLEAIC ACIDS •– contain genetic information • Water is the main ingredient in every cell. LESSON 2 • 1. What is a stiff structure outside the cell membrane? cell wall • 2. In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? chloroplast • 3. Which organelles store food, water, and waste material? vacuoles COMMON TO PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS: • 4. What is a flexible barrier that protects the inside of a cell? cell membrane • 5. What are short, hairlike structures that help move a cell? cilia • 6. What is the fluid that fills the inside of the cell? cytoplasm • 7. What gives framework to a cell and helps it move? cytoskeleton COMMON TO ALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS (PLANTS, ANIMALS, FUNGI, AND PROTISTS): • 8. Which organelle contains genetic information and controls the cell? nucleus • 9. In which organelle are proteins made? ribosome • 10. What removes harmful substances for a cell? endoplasmic reticulum • 11. Which organelle releases energy in a cell? mitochondria • 12. Which organelle prepares proteins for specific jobs? Golgi apparatus • 13. Which organelle carries substances to other parts of a cell? vesicle • 14. Which vacuole-like structures break down and recycle cell parts? lysosome LESSON 3 | MOVING CELLULAR MATERIAL • What passes through a cell using passive transport? • 1. oxygen, carbon dioxide, other small molecules WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT? • 2. diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion PASSIVE TRANSPORT • https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/passivetransport/ 3. HOW DO SUBSTANCES MOVE IN PASSIVE TRANSPORT? • 3. from higher to lower concentration 4. WHAT IS THE DIFFUSION OF WATER MOLECULES ONLY? • 4. osmosis WHAT IS USED IN FACILITATED DIFFUSION TO ASSIST THE TRANSPORT OF SUGAR AND SODIUM MOLECULES? • 5. carrier proteins, channel proteins DIFFUSION • https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/diffusion/ WHAT IS ONLY USED IN ACTIVE TRANSPORT? • 6. energy HOW DO SUBSTANCES MOVE IN ACTIVE TRANSPORT? • 7. from lower to higher concentration ACTIVE TRANSPORT • https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/activetransport/ WHICH PROTEINS ARE USED IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT? • 8. carrier proteins WHAT DOES A CELL DO TO A SUBSTANCE IN ENDOCYTOSIS? • 9. surrounds it and brings it inside the cell WHAT DOES A CELL USE TO ELIMINATE (GET RID OF) A SUBSTANCE THAT IS TO LARGE TO LEAVE BY DIFFUSION? • 10. exocytosis WHICH STRUCTURES JOIN WITH THE CELL’S MEMBRANE DURING EXOCYTOSIS? • 11. vesicles (sounds like vehicle, something that helps you move around) CELL SPECIALIZATION DO NOT USE ENERGY (in any order) diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis; USE ENERGY • (in any order) endocytosis; exocytosis LESSON 4 CELLS AND ENERGY • Go to the flow chart on the following page – you will do the numbers after CELLS AND ENERGY – THE STEPS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION. 6/7 – in either order are the last two Water is released from the cell Carbon dioxide is released from the cell 1. Sugar molecules enter a cell 5. Large amounts of ATP are produced 4. Small molecules enter mitochondria 2. Chemical reactions occur in the cells cytoplasm 3. Small amounts of ATP are released CELL STRUCTURES • https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellstructures/ • 1.The organelles in plants that convert light energy to food during photosynthesis are chloroplasts. • 2. A process that breaks down glucose into smaller molecules and produces ATP is called glycolysis . • 3.A series of chemical reactions that converts the energy in food into ATP is called cellular respiration. • 4. Cheese, yogurt, and sour cream are made when bacteria carry out lactic acid fermentation. • 5. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. • 6. When yeasts in bread dough carry out alcohol fermentation, they produce the carbon dioxide that causes dough to rise. • 7. The second step in cellular respiration occurs in a cell’s mitochondria. LABEL • A – Central vacuole • B – Cell Wall • C – cell membrane • D – chloroplast • E – nucleus • F - mitochondrion TURN IN TO YOUR CLASS PERIOD IN BOX • https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-we-think-complex-cells-evolved-adam-jacobson