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Cell Organelles
• Unit 2
ORGANELLE LOCATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION
Cell Wall
plant, not animal
*outer layer
*rigid, strong, stiff
*made of cellulose
*support (grow tall)
*protection
*allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell
Cell Membrane
both plant/animal
*plant - inside cell wall
*animal - outer layer; cholesterol
*selectively permeable
*support
*protection
*controls movement of materials in/out of cell
*barrier between cell and its environment
*maintains homeostasis
Lipid bilayer-there are two lipid layers
Nucleus
both plant/animal
*large, oval
*controls cell activities
nuclear membrane both plant/animal *surrounds nucleus *selectively
permeable *Controls movement of materials in/out and out of nucleus .
The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's DNA and with it the coded
instructions for making proteins and other
important molecules.
Ribosomes
Where proteins are assembled
They are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the
cytoplasm.
They follow coded instructions that come from the nucleus.
Endoplasmic reticulumsystem of internal membranes involved in making
proteins.
Smooth ER is where lipid components of the cell
membrane are assembled, along with
proteins andother materials that are exported from
the cell.
The portion of the ER involved int he synthesis of
proteins is called rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Its is given this name because of the ribosomes
found on the its surface.
Once proteins leave these ribosomes, they are
inserted into the rough ER and can be chemically
modified or changed.
Cytoplasm
both plant/animal
*clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles found inside cell membrane
*supports /protects cell organelles
endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) both plant/animal *network of tubes or
membranes *carries materials through cell ribosome both plant/animal
*small bodies free or attached to E.R. *produces proteins
Mitochondria
both plant/animal
*bean-shaped with inner membranes
*breaks down sugar molecules into energy
Vacuole
plant - few/large
animal - small
*fluid-filled sacs
*store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food)
Lysosome
plant - uncommon
animal - common
*small, round, with a membrane
*breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
*digests old cell parts
Chloroplast
plant, not animal
*green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment)
*uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)
Golgi bodies (Golgi apparatus)
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the
endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell
or secretion outside the cell.
Its where the finishing touches are done on proteins before they are ready to
leave the "factory"
Than proteins are ready to be shipped either in the cell or outside of the cell.
In both animal and plant cells