Download Cell Structure and Function Study Guide

JMJ
7-5 Cellular Organization Study Guide
1.
Know all vocabulary from vocabulary sheet
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cell well
Organelle
Chloroplast
Osmosis
Cytoplasm
Diffusion
MICROSCOPE PARTS:
Be able to match the part with its function
1. diaphragm
2. stage
3. eyepieces or oculars
4. arm
5. revolving nosepiece
6. stage clip
7. objectives
8. knobs to control slide movement
9. coarse focus knob
10. fine focus knob
11. light source
12. base
CELL PARTS:
Be able to name, give a function, and identify in a picture the following parts:
 Cell (plasma) membrane
 Nucleus
 nuclear (membrane) envelope
 nucleolus
 centrioles
 mitochondria
 rough endoplasmic reticulum
 smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 Golgi (body) apparatus
 Ribosomes
 Chloroplast
 cell wall
 vacuole
 cytoplasm
 lysosomes
Also know:
 What is a lipid bilayer?
 How do the non-polar hydrophobic tails/polar hydrophilic heads in a phospholipid play a role in cell
membrane formation?
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JMJ

Movement of water through a cell membrane
COMPARISION:
 What is a prokaryote?
 A eukaryote?
 How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?
 How do plant, animal, and bacterial cells compare in size?
 How are plant, animal, and bacterial cells alike and different?
 What organelles are found only in plants?
 What organelles are found only in animals?
 What are the similarities and difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Focus questions not on test:
Can you identify the type of organism a cell comes from through observation?
How does staining affect the appearance of a specimen?
How does sectioning affect the appearance of a specimen?
Unit Summary
Plant cells generally contain a nucleus, a cell wall, a cell membrane, chloroplasts, a large vacuole,
and cytoplasm. However, under a magnification of 100X, it is not possible to differentiate between the cell
wall and the cell membrane. In addition, not all plant cells contain chloroplasts.
Animal cells generally contain a nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. Animal cells also contain
organelles called centrioles which are very small and usually not visible unless the cell is dividing. Some
animal cells, such as red blood cells, do not contain nuclei.
Cells in the same organism can differ from tissue to tissue. The cells perform various functions in the
body of a multi-cellular organism and their different appearances reflect those different functions.
The cell membrane of a plant cell is not permeable to salt. This was evidenced by the shrinking of
the cells. To balance the concentration of salt within and outside the cell, water flowed from the cells into
the surrounding environment. If the cell membrane was permeable to salt, water and salt could have both
flowed back and forth through the cell membrane until both environments contained equal concentrations of
salt. The same is true of the cell membrane of an animal cell (egg) and corn syrup.
The cell wall and cell membrane of a plant cell are permeable to water. This was evidenced by the
shrinking of cells. To balance the concentration of salt inside and outside the cells, water flowed from the
cells into the surrounding environment. If the cell membrane and cell wall were not permeable to water, the
cells would not have shrunk. The cell membrane of the egg was also permeable to water. Water flowed
from the egg into the corn syrup and from the water into the shrunken egg.
The structure of the cell wall and cell membrane determines whether or not each structure is
permeable to salt and water. The permeability of each structure determines whether or not salt moves in or
out, which in turn affects whether or not water moves in and out of the cell.
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