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Name:_____________________ Life’s Structure and Classification Chapter 8, Pages 212-235 Section 1: Living Things • ___________-any __________ thing • Organisms can vary in size form ____________ __________ to __________ ______ __________. 1. Living things are __________. • ________-are the smallest unit of an ___________ that carry on the _____________ of life. • Each ______ has an orderly structure and contains the ________ for cellular organization and ___________ in its ____________ material Wildcats Share Do you think all cells are all the same or are cells different depending on their function? Explain 2. Living things _______ and __________ • Growth of many-celled organisms is mostly due to an increase in the __________ of cells • Growth of one-celled organisms is due to an increase in the _____ of the cell • _______________-all of the _________ that take place during the ______ of the organism 3. Living things _________ • Living things must ___________ with their ________________ • ___________-anything that causes some _________ in an ____________ • The reaction to a __________ is a ___________ 4. Living things __________ ___________ • _______________-the regulation of an organism’s __________, lifemaintaining conditions despite changes in its ______________ 5. Living things _____ _______ • The energy used by most organisms comes either _________ or indirectly from the ______ Wildcats Share • What organisms can get energy directly from the sun? • How do other organisms get energy? 6. Living things ___________ • Reproduction enables living things toe make _______ of their own ________ • If all the individuals for a specific organism never reproduced that organism would die out • Example: Wildcats Share • Of these 6 characteristics of life which are important to the survival of a species and which are important to the organisms itself? • What do all living things need? 1. A ________ to ______ • This place must be ________ to the organism’s _________needs • This place must also provide enough ________ for the organism 2. ________ All organisms must take in water from their surroundings Water performs many functions such as ___________ _________ within a cell and ___________ cells 3. ______ ________ Living things are made up of substances such as ___________, _______, and __________ Some organisms _______ these substances, other must ______ in these substances in the form of food When organisms die these substances are released into the _____________and used again by other ________ ____________ Section 2: How are Living Things Classified • __________ developed a new system of __________ organisms and a ________ _________ system • Based on looking for organisms with ___________ _________ • __________ ______________- two-word __________ system that Linnaeus used to name various ___________ • This name is an organism’s ___________ • Organisms of the same species can _______ and produce _________ _________ • _______- a group of similar species • First word of the two-word name • Second word usually __________ a feature and is _________ for each _________ • _______ is the language used for scientific names • Why use scientific names? 1. Help avoid __________ by distinguishing organism with ________ names 2. Organisms with similar _____________ histories are __________ together 3. Scientific names give ____________ information about the ________ 4. Scientific names allow _____________ about organisms to be ___________ easily and ___________ ____________- the ____________ history of an organism, how the organism has ___________ over time Order for classification of organisms: ___________ → _________ → ________ → ________ → ________ → ________ → _________ • Scientists use _______ _______ and _____________ ______ to identify organisms • Most ______ _______ have _____________ and illustrations of organisms and information about where each organism _______ • A ____________ _______ is a detailed list of identifying ______________ that includes scientific names Wildcats Share Section 3: Cell Structure • 1. 2. 3. ______ _______ consists of three parts All ____________ are made up of one or more _______ The cell is the ________ unit of _____________ in organisms All cells come from _______ ____________- cells without ___________________ structures ____________- cells _____ membrane-bound structures All cells must constantly take in ___________, store, produce, and _____________ substances, and take in and use _________ _____ ______- are tough, _______ outer coverings that ________ cells and give them _______ o Found on the cells of ________, algae, fungi, and most _________ o Mostly made up of a _______________ called ___________ _____ ___________- the protective _______ surrounding every cell o ____________ interactions between the cell and its ______________ o ___________- ____________ substance cells are filled with o Most of a cell’s _____ __________ occur here o ___________ _________ is found here in _____________ cells _____________- a framework found throughout the ___________ which helps the cell __________ or change its ________ and enables some cells to _______ One substance that takes part in nearly every cell activity is _________ ___________- small structures where ______ make their own proteins o Receive directions from hereditary material on how, when, and in what order to make specific proteins ___________- structures within the cytoplasm of __________ cells _________- directs all cellular activities and contain ______ Materials enter and leave the nucleus through openings in its membrane ___________- structure found in the _________ where most ____________ are made in ___________cells ______________- green organelles found within the cytoplasm of _______ cells where _______ is made ____________- green pigment which gives many _______ and ________ their color ______________-are organelles where ________ is released when food is broken down into _________ _______ and water Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain ___________ and __________ ________ ____________ __________ (E.R.)- a series of folded ____________ in which ___________ can be processed and moved around ________ of the cell o Can be _________ or __________ o Rough E.R. have ____________ attached _______ ______- stacked and ___________ membranes that sort _________ and other cellular substances and package them into membranebound structures called _________ __________- deliver cellular substances to areas inside the cell, and carry _________ substances to the cell membrane where they are released to the _________ of the cell __________- place for the ____________ storage of materials, like water, waste products, ______, and other cellular materials ____________- contain digestive __________ that help break down food molecules, ______ ______, worn-out cell parts, and _______ and bacteria that enter the cell _________- a group of similar ______ that work together to do one _____ _________- structure made up of two or more _________ types of tissues that work _________ _______ _______- a group of organs working _________ to perform a certain _________ Section 4: Viruses • _______- is a strand of ___________ material surrounded by a _________ coating • ____ _____- living cell in which a ______ can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until __________ by environmental _________ • Viruses don’t have a _________, other organelles, or a cell membrane • Most viruses can infect only ________ kinds of cells • ____________ do not work against viral diseases • ______________ can be developed to create ___________ against a virus Unit 2 Vocab Name:_______________ Organism Cells Development Stimulus Homeostasis Binomial nomenclature Genus Phylogeny Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cell Walls Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cytoskeleton Organelles Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Chloroplasts Chlorophyll Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi bodies Vesicles Vacuoles Lysosomes Tissues Organs Organ system Virus Host cell