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The Contribution of Ploidy to Evolutionary Divergence of Gene Expression in Yeasts Eric Delgado Regev Group Summer Research Program in Genomics Ploidy Varies Among Organisms Haploid Triploid Diploid Aneuploid / Polyploid The Evolutionary Contribution of Ploidy is Unclear Project Aims To determine the set of ploidy regulated genes. To determine whether differences in gene expression are the caused by species-specific traits, environmental factors or conserved ploidy dependent differences. Unique Regulation of Ploidy-Dependent Genes May Be Due To Multiple Factors Ploidy Unique Gene Regulation Species Specific Signature Environmentally Specific Signature Broadly Conserved Signature Ascomycota Fungi Provide an Ideal System for Studying Ploidy S. cerevisiae S. paradoxus S. mikatae S. bayanus bayanus S. C. C. glabrata glabrata S. castellii castellii S. K. lactis lactis K. A. gossypii K. K. waltii waltii D. hansenii C. albicans Y. lipolytica lipolytica Y. N. crassa F. graminearum M. grisea A.nidulans nidulans A. Haploid Diploid S. pombe These species span over 300 million years of evolution Experimental Approach Create stable haploids from diploid species Create stable diploids from haploid species Compare expression profiles among strains 2N 1N 1N 2N Ascomycota Fungi Provide an Ideal System for Studying Ploidy Isogenic Strain Construction Allows For PloidyBased Gene Expression Comparison Diploid To Haploid Meiosis Diploid Mating Haploid Isogenic Diploid Isogenic Strain Construction Allows For PloidyBased Gene Expression Comparison Haploid To Diploid Zymolase Digestion Protoplast Fusion Isogenic Diploid Two Haploid Cells Organisms Included In Gene Expression Analysis S. cerevisiae S288c Haploid S288c Diploid Bb32 Diploid S. paradoxus Wild Parental Parental Haploid Diploid Isogenic To Haploid Single Channel Data For LOG and PLAT Haploid and Diploid Global Expression Patterns Are Similar MET17 IME4 ASG7 STE18 Several Groups of Genes Are Differentially Expressed In Haploids And Diploids Log Plateau Mating Type Related Genes Transporters Genes Genes Necessary For Mating Pheromone Recognition Genes Meiosis Genes GGof Unkown Function Many Genes Meiosis Genes Are Differentially Expressed In Haploids And Diploids Differential Gene Expression By Gene Type 50 % of Total Differentially Expressed Genes 40 30 20 10 0 GG Log Plateau Increased Expression in Meiosis Genes Provides Molecular Basis For Ploidy Advantage Glucose Low Nutrient Concentration Energy Intensive MapK Pathways EtOH Biomass Production Conclusions Clear ploidy expression signatures were identified Experimental approach validated by expected regulation of previously identified ploidy genes Novel ploidy genes identified Gene expression data may provide a molecular basis for evolutionary observations Future Direction Expand comparisons across phylogeny Introduce stress conditions Acknowledgments Dr. Dawn Thompson Dr. Aviv Regev Regev Group Summer Research Program In Genomics